Summary of Rizal

Republic Act No. 1425, know as theRizal practice of law, mandates wholly educational institutions in theFilipinosto offer courses ab awayJose Rizal. The estimable name of the law isAn Act to Include in the Curricula of All human race and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses On the Life, Works and Writings ofJose Rizal, Particularly His NovelsNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo, Authorizing the handstal picture and Distri entirelyion Thereof, and for Other Purposes.The measure was strongly opposed by the roman Catholic church in the Philippines due to the anti-clerical themes inNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo. SenatorClaro M. Rectowas the main counselor of the then Rizal Bill. He sought to sponsor the dick at Congress. However, this was met with hard opposition from the Catholic Church. During the1955 Senate election, the church tingled Recto with being a communist and an anti-Catholic.After Rectos election, the Church continued to oppose the bill manda ting the teaching of Rizals novelsNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo, claiming it would pillagefreedom of conscienceandreligion. 1 In the c deoxyadenosine monophosphateaign to oppose the Rizal bill, the Catholic Church urged its adherents to write to their congressmen and senators showing their opposition to the bill later, it organized symposiums. In virtuoso of these symposiums, Fr. deliverer Cavanna argued that the novels belonged to the past and that teaching them would misrepresent current conditions.Radio commentator deliverer Paredes also said that Catholics had the right to refuse to interpret them as it would frustrate their salvation. 1 Groups such as Catholic Action of the Philippines, theCongregation of the Mission, theKnights of Columbus, and the Catholic Teachers Guild organized opposition to the bill they were countered by Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896), Alagad in Rizal, the Freemasons, and theKnights of Rizal. The Senate Committee on Education spons ored a bill co-written by twoJose P.Laureland Recto, with the only opposition coming fromFrancisco Soc Rodrigo,Mariano Jesus Cuenco, andDecoroso Rosales. 2 TheArchbishop of Manila,Rufino Santos, protested in a agricultural letterthat Catholic students would be affected if compulsory reading of the uncensored version were pushed through. 3Arsenio Lacson, Manilas mayor, who supported the bill, walked out of Mass when the priest read a circular from the archbishop denouncing the bill. 4 Rizal, according toCuenco, attacked dogmas, beliefs and practices of the Church.The assertion that Rizal limited himself to castigating undeserving priests and refrained from criticizing, ridiculing or putting in doubt dogmas of the Catholic Church, is absolutely gratuitous and misleading. Cuenco touched on Rizals denial of the existence ofpurgatory, as it was not found in the Bible, and that Moses and Jesus Christ did not mention its existence Cuenco concluded that a legal age of the Members of th is Chamber, if not all including our good enough friend, the gentleman from Sulu believed in purgatory. 5The senator from Sulu, Domocao Alonto, attacked Filipinos who proclaimed Rizal as their interior(a) hero but seemed to despise what he had written, axiom that theIndonesiansused Rizals books as their Bible on their independence presencePedro Lopez, who hails from Cebu, Cuencos province, in his support for the bill, reasoned out that it was in their province the independence movement started, whenLapu-LapufoughtFerdinand Magellan. 3 Outside the Senate, the Catholic schools threatened to close down if the bill was passed Recto countered that if that happened, the schools would be nationalized.Recto did not believe the threat, stating that the schools were too profitable to be closed. 1The schools gave up the threat, but threatened to punish legislators in favor of the law in succeeding(a) elections. A compromise was suggested, to use the expurgated version Recto, who had suppo rted the indispensable reading of the unexpurgated version, declared The people who would eliminate the books of Rizal from the schools would blot out from our minds the memory of the national hero. This is not a fight against Recto but a fight against Rizal, adding that since Rizal is dead, they are attempting to suppress his memory. 6 On May 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education chairman Laurel that accommodated the objections of the Catholic Church was approved unanimously. The bill specified that only college (university) students would have the picking of reading unexpurgated versions of clerically-contested reading material, such asNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo. 136The bill was enacted on June 12, 1956,3Flag Day. - editContent TheNoliandFiliwere required readings for college students. Section 1 mandated that the students were to read the novels as they were written inSpanish, although a provision tenacious that the Board of national Education c reate rules on how these should be applied. 5The last two sections were center on making Rizals works accessible to the general public the act section mandated the schools to have an adequate number of copies in their libraries, while the tierce ordered the board to publish the works in majorPhilippine languages. 5 - editAftermath After the bill was enacted into law, on that point were no recorded instances of students applying for exemption from reading the novels, and no known procedure for such exemptions. 6In 1994, PresidentFidel V. Ramosordered theDepartment of Education, Culture and Sportsto fully implement the law as there had been reports that it has still not been fully implemented. 7 The debate during the enactment of the Rizal Law has been compared to the generative Health bill(RH bill) debate of 2011. 8AkbayanrepresentativeKaka Bag-ao, one of the proponents of the RH bill, said, quoting the Catholic hierarchy, that more(prenominal) than 50 years ago, they said the R izal Law violates the Catholics right to conscience and religion, interestingly, the comparable line of reasoning they use to oppose the RH bill. 9 - editReferences 1. abcdAbinales, Patricio N. Amoroso, Donna J. (2005). State and society in the Philippines. Lanham, MarylandRowman & Littlefield. p. 187. ISBN978-0-7425-1024-1. 2. Cruz-Araneta, Gemma(2010-12-29). Legislating Rizal, 1. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 3. abcdCruz-Araneta, Gemma(2010-12-29). Legislating Rizal, 2. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 4. Rodis, Rodel (2010-01-07). Global Networking The Rizal bill. Philippine perfunctory Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-06-12. 5. abcPangalangan, Raul (2010-12-31). The intense debate on the Rizal Law. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 6. abcOcampo, Ambeth(2007-05-04). The fight everywhere the Rizal Law. Philippine Daily Inquirer.Retrieved 2011-05-24. 7. Mr. Ramos leads Rizal Day rites. Manila Standard. 1994-12-29. Retrieved 2011-06-19. 8. Mendez, Christ ina (2011-05-23). JPE, Joker confident(p) of compromise on RH bill. Philippine Star. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 9. Jose Rizal new figure of reproductive health rights? . ABS-CBNnews. com. 2011-06-01. Retrieved 2011-06-01. Jose Rizal A Biographical Sketch BY TEOFILO H. MONTEMAYOR JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, laguna.He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal cal take a model of fathers, came from Binan, Laguna while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished fair sex whom Rizal called loving and prudent mother, was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his mother at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an a rtist.He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, Sa Aking Mga Kabata, the theme of which revolves on the experience of ones language. In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his knight bachelor of Arts level with an average of surmountlent from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same(p) year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo.He ruined the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyors run on May 21, 1878 but because of his age, 17, he was not granted authorize to practice the profession until December 30, 1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medical specialty at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, h e sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid.On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of excellent. Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These embroil Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects.A versatile genius, he was an architect, artists, wrinkleman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, opthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. He was an expert swordsman and a good shot. In the hope of securing policy-making and social refo rms for his country and at the same time educate his countrymen, Rizal, the great apostle of Filipino nationalism, published, while in Europe, several works with highly chauvinistic and revolutionary tendencies.In March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the assertion and despotism of the Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morgas SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be chivalrous of even long before the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil on September 18, 1891, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to the NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent.Because of his fearless exposures of the injustices pull by the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the animosity of those in power. This led himself, his relatives and countrymen into trouble with the Spanish officials of the country. As a consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were shadowed the regime were not only finding faults but even fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge that anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with him from Hong Kong.While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing and business he maintained and operated a hospital he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and Spanish languages, the arts. The sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying, sculpturing, and painting, as well as the art of self defence he did some researches and collected specimens he entered into correspondence with renowned men of letters and sciences abroad and with the help of his pupils, he constructed water dam and a relief map of Mindanao both considered remarkable engineering feats.His sincerity and friendship won for him the trust and confidence of even those assigned to guard him his good manners and warm personality were found irresistible by women of all races with whom he had personal contacts his intelligence and humility gained for him the respect and admiration of conspicuous men of other nations while his undaunted courage and determination to upthrust the welfare of his people were feared by his enemies.When the Philippine Revolution started on horrible 26, 1896, his enemies lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to betroth witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago. In his prison cell, he wrote an lowborn poem, now known as Ultimo Adios which is considered a masterpiece and a living document expressing not only the heros great love of country but also that of all Filipinos.After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition a nd of forming illegal association. In the cold forenoon of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been jammed with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.