american immigration Essay -- essays research papers fc

Here is non merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations. These famous words, which were spoken, by the famed precedent and poet Walt Whitman is a perfect way to describe our ever changing melting pot society, which we call the States. Immigration has effected and changed our country in many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) ways, many of which being economic reasons from 1820-1860. There have been many reasons for pack migrating to America. Among the top of these reasons are those of Political Freedom, and Economic opportunities, which include multitude wanting more specie and better jobs. A large amount of immigrants from this time period came by way of Slavery. From the 1820s until 1860 Immigration to America has affected the national economy in many positive and negative ways. Around 1830 in America there was an abundance of land at a cheap cost, jobs were found with little difficulty because of the reduced have rate and high urbanization and industry that was greatly increasing. The attraction that America had towards the Immigrants was mainly the large amounts of land for farms, which the people greatly desired. Many of the primal arrivals to America were followed with reports to the peoples homeland countries that the streets of America were paved with gold. This saying was to refer to the prosperity that the American economy had during the early19th century. Many countries outside of America during this time were in great despair. When there is no land left for farming of a crop, which is heavily relied on throughout your country, people tend to leave. integrity main source of immigration to America was the Irish. During the mid 1800s Irelands population grew rapidly and many of the people lived on small farms that produced very little, because of their poverty the people depended mainly on the potato crop. However around 1845 a plant disease killed the majority of the crop. Around three quarters of a million people died and thousan ds more left the country in search of a better life. Many of the emigrants to America from Irish were under the age of thirty-five and men. Families sent their conceptive sons to the New World in order to make money to afford the trip of the other family members. Even though there was a low birth rate and plentiful jobs in America many of the Irish found that the fast pa... ...is crop into fabric that was sold and distributed throughout the world. The African-Americans were the most influential immigrant base to come to America during this time. They were used as slave labor mainly to harvest the enormous cotton crops in the south. This group even though were not allowed to take part in any form of public education did however harvest many notable writers, poets and politicians. As shown, the immigration of different heathen groups greatly attributed to Americas flourishing economy. Without them this country would have fallen and collapsed soon after its creation.Bibliography1.H ttp//www.bergen.org. American Immigration. 2001 2.The American Pageant. David M. Kennedy, Lizabeth Cohen, Thomas A. Bailey. Copyright 2002. Houghton Mifflin Company3.World Book Encyclopedia. Volumes A&I. William H. Nault, Frank D. Drake. Copyright 1989. World Book Inc. Chicago, Illinois.4.Immigration Opposing Viewpoints. David L. Bender, Bruno Leone. Copyright1992. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, California.

Magic :: essays research papers

Doing this research paper didnt really help me find anything extraordinary about the interchange phantasy. I pretty much knew what the word magic meant, from the comic books I read and the television I watch. It did however, make me view the word in more depth. Dont get me wrong, Im not implying in any way that the word magic, is dull, because it is just the opposite. Im simply stating that because of my fascination with the subject of magic, I am already familiar with its background and capabilities. I chose the word magic because the concept of any human being possessing unexplainable, supernatural powers intrigues me to the point where I wish I had been endowed with those powers. If I had to choose a favorite I would have to go with the two poems I obtained from the musical harmony to Shakespeare and the Grangers Index to Poetry. It all started when we received our word list. I looked for a word that I interested me, and that I thought would be easy to find information on. I g uess, for the most part I was right. All the references available in our school library were pretty easy to find such as the Rogets Thesaurus, the Unabridged Dictionary, and surprisingly the Book of Quotations and the Concordance to the Bible. On one twenty-four hours there, at the St. Paul library four were down and there were four to go, which wasnt too shabby for the first day. I figured I was doing well getting half of my list taken care of before Christmas vacation, and then during vacation I would finish the job.Well as any normal teenager would agree the plan of doing work during vacation vanished as soon the final bell rang to start vacation. On the first day back to school I took a trip to a local library near my house. I already knew that I wouldnt find everything that I needed, but I checked it out any ways. I was only able to find the Oxford slope Dictionary, but luckily I bumped into my wonderful English teacher Ms. Frausto who informed me that the Uptown Whittier Lib rary would have the sufficient amount of information I needed to complete my research. In deed, my very wise mentor was right. I did find the rest of the items I was in search of, which were a periodical, a poem, and an excerpt from a Shakespeare play.

Future of Automobiles :: science

Future of AutomobilesLately the trend in cars has been anything but. Lately in the United States the trend has moved toward the SUV or the Sports Utility Vechile. Thats Right the family station coaster wagon and the Minivan are things of the past and I am going to take you through a thorough examination my favorite the Toyota 4Runner Ltd 1997 Toyota 4Runner Limited 4WD WHATS NEW FOR 1997 All-new 4Runner debuts with more interior room, stronger engines, dual airbags, new colors, and a top-of- the-line Limited trim level. For the first time, the 4Runner boasts a unique chassis and sheetmetal not shared with the Tacoma pickup. PROS AND CONS Pros Great looks and ground-pounding performance spend a penny the 4Runner an ideal choice for people who love the great outdoors as well as those who just want to look like they do. Cons Steep equipment casualty and choppy highway ride temper our enthusiasm for this otherwise outstanding truck. For Successful five-year run, the second-generation Toyota 4Runner has been retired, and not a moment too soon. Fresh in 1990, the 4Runner decrepit quickly as the sport utility market exploded and other automakers introduced larger, safer and more powerful rivals. By 1995, the compact pickup-based 4Runner offered little, other than Toyotas reputation for reliability, to entice buyers. For 1996, Toyota has apart(p) this high-volume SUV from its pickup truck roots. The new 4Runner shares little with the Tacoma pickup. As a result, engineers have created a more refined vehicle without sacrificing tough off-road ability. Suspension travel and gait width are both up to improve off-road ability, ride, and handling. The interior is larger in every direction, thanks to a wheelbase that is two inches longer than the previous version. A lower floor and wider doors make getting into and out of the 4Runner less of an exercise in contortionism. Rear leg room is up by three inches, and weight space has been improved as well. Two engines are av ailable on the 4Runner a 2.7-liter inline iv cylinder that makes 150 horsepower at 4800 rpm and 177 pounds- feet of crookedness at 4000 rpm., and a 3.4-liter V-6 producing 183 horsepower at 4800 rpm and 217 pounds-feet of torque at 3600 rpm. These figures represent a substantial improvement over the old anemic four cylinder and wheezy V-6 -- in fact, the new 2.7-liter four is more powerful than the 1995 models 3.0-liter six.

Sexuality in John Donnes The Flea Essay -- essays research papers

A Reading of John Donnes The FleaIt is common to ascribe to Donne the status of archetypal logical poet- a objet dart whose plant life are tightly crafted, confident, and certain in their application of metaphor and analogy. True enough, Donnes poem seems to point a certain self-security we see a tight, sure rhyme scheme, and an ordered structure. There is also arguably a wealth of rhetorical resources - Donne does not shy away from using the lexis of the military (triumphst), the health check (two bloodsmingled) or even the religious (cloysterd, sacrilege). Such a feature that might be read as hinting at Donnes indispensable confidence in his ability to create a unified philosophy, to adapt a wide range of discourses, to demonstrate poetic craft. However, I want to suggest that the relations of power and position of sexuality in this small poem are a great deal less certain than such an interlingual rendition might suggest.At the very least, Donne is not simply providing a s tylised, easy conclusion but is engaging in a real rhetorical struggle. He chooses to employ exuberant, self-conscious metaphors that often contradict themselves. The conclusion of his poem, Just so much honor, when thou yeeldst to mee, Will wast, as this fleas death tooke life from theesimultaneously insists on the identification of the flea with the sexual union (i.e. it may be compared to yielding) and on the impossibility of doing so (referring to the mistress counter-argument, where the fleas death cannot be equated to the death of man and wife). That is, one might translate the meaning of the climax as this fleas death did not kill you, and therefore the flea cannot be identified with us, yet this flea rep... ...e interpreted by this fleas death. It is noticeable how this triumph actually fits rather neatly into Donnes rhyme, and more importantly how his choice of pronouns (thouthyselfmee) alerts us to this fold being Donnes rendering of her speech- hi s pronouns reflect his own perspective. As indirect speech, the feminine voice is interpreted, defined and staged through the poets essentially masculine perspective.This male-ordained self-castration makes the supposedly easy task of assigning gender roles in The Flea a far more complex matter. Donnes poem hints not at fixed patriarchy, but an early modern society questioning and playing with concepts of gender and associated forms of power. There is a straddling of public and private spheres here, yet also a tribulation to achieve secure identity in either. The Flea points towards a symbolic order in a state of flux.

Essays --

If your upper arms continue to wave goodbye long after youve stopped, maybe its time to reduce that jiggle. Excess fat tends to settles in the back of the upper arms and commonly plagues women. In addition to eating healthy, exercise can help slim down your body, including the excess fat in your upper arms. When the wobbly bits are gone, youll be left with toned, slim arms that will be your best accessories.Arm-Intense Cardio ExerciseA deficit of 500 calories a day is required to lose 1 pound of fat a week. Doing 150 to 300 minutes of moderate cardio a week can flame calories and help you accumulate this deficit. Although most cardio engages your lower body, engaging your upper body at the same time can burn more calories. Consider naiant laps using a breaststroke or front crawl, swing walking poles back and forth during brisk walks, pedal on an elliptical with moving handles, put-on racquetball, or take a cardio-kickboxing class.Pushups to Firm UpPushups can be part of a biweekly , full-body strength-training routine that helps you lose weight and inches muscle tissue burn down mo...

Athena the god :: essays research papers

Athena The godAthena, back in time when Greece was making its crossing in history as one of the great civilization of the Ancient World, there was a great deal of emphasis on the Gods and Goddesses. To the Greeks the world was governed by the Gods and they were the reason many things happened in the world, mostly things that where unexplainable. The goddess Athena was one of the many gods or goddesses that played a large role in Greek mythology. plane though Athena was the patron saint of Athens she supported other Greeks outside of Athens, such as, Achilles, Orestes, and especi every last(predicate)y Odysseus. Athena is know to be the goddess of war, guardian of cities, patroness of arts and crafts, and promoter of wisdom (Classical).Athenas name actually came form the Cretan and Mycenean name Athene which predates the Greeks by about 1,500 years. The ending -ene, was set digression for royalty and goddesses, like Helene. She was also called by some Greeks as Pallas Athena. Not m any people know where the name Pallas came from. Some legends utter she obtained it from the giant Pallas that she killed in the war of the gods and giants (Athena Parthenos). Another legend says that Athena accidentally killed her childhood playmate Pallas. By taking Pallas in comportment of her own, Athena shows the grief that she endured for the loss of her friend. Athena had such an impact on the Greeks that the Romans adopted her and called her Minerva (Classical). The origins of Athenas name are not the only unlikeness that historians have had. The origin of where Athena came form is also a discrepancy. Zeus feared that he would be overcome by a son greater than he born from the intelligent Metis. To prevent this Zeus ate Metis. There for, Athena, in the most common legend, was born fully grown out of Zeuss forehead. Another legend, this one form Crete, says Athena was hidden in a cloud. Zeus hit his head on the cloud and caused Athena to appear. Out of all the cities that Athena helped and protected Athens claimed her as there own (The Myths). The Atheans believed that the first king of Athens, Erichthonius, was a descendant of Athena. Even though Poseidon was greedy of earthy kingdoms, he challenged Athena for the city. The both of them appeared before the court of gods and goddess to make a judgment.

Athena the god :: essays research papers

genus Athene The godAthena, back in time when Greece was making its mark in history as one of the great civilization of the Ancient World, there was a great deal of emphasis on the Gods and Goddesses. To the Greeks the world was governed by the Gods and they were the reason many things happened in the world, mostly things that where unexplainable. The goddess Athena was one of the many gods or goddesses that played a large role in Greek mythology. Even though Athena was the champion saint of capital of Greece she supported other Greeks outside of Athens, such as, Achilles, Orestes, and especially Odysseus. Athena is know to be the goddess of war, guardian of cities, patroness of arts and crafts, and promoter of scholarship (Classical).Athenas name actually came configuration the Cretan and Mycenean name Athene which predates the Greeks by about 1,500 years. The ending -ene, was set aside for royalty and goddesses, like Helene. She was in addition called by some Greeks as Pallas Athena. Not many people know where the name Pallas came from. Some legends say she obtained it from the giant Pallas that she killed in the war of the gods and giants (Athena Parthenos). Another legend says that Athena accidentally killed her childhood playmate Pallas. By taking Pallas in front of her own, Athena shows the grief that she endured for the evil of her friend. Athena had such an impact on the Greeks that the Romans adopted her and called her Minerva (Classical). The origins of Athenas name are not the only discrepancy that historians have had. The origin of where Athena came form is also a discrepancy. Zeus feared that he would be overcome by a son greater than he born from the intelligent Metis. To obstruct this Zeus ate Metis. There for, Athena, in the most common legend, was born fully grown out of Zeuss forehead. Another legend, this one form Crete, says Athena was hidden in a cloud. Zeus hit his head on the cloud and caused Athena to appear. Out of all the cities that Athena helped and protected Athens claimed her as there own (The Myths). The Atheans believed that the first king of Athens, Erichthonius, was a descendant of Athena. Even though Poseidon was greedy of earthy kingdoms, he challenged Athena for the city. The both of them appeared onwards the court of gods and goddess to make a judgment.

Salvador Dali

Salvador Dali Salvador Dali, one of the roughly famous artists of the 20th century, was very active even in the latter part of his lifetime. He non only painted, further also showed to be imaginative in the artistic world in general. He traveled, and along the way learned different techniques of painting, but always went buns to paint as he described it hand painted dream photographs. (Sandoval, 1998) Dali emerged as a leader of the Surrealist movement, where he was the most faithful and only true up surrealist, although he was later expelled from because of his political views and more traditional go away.During this time he created a painting, Persistence of Memory (1931), which is still on of the best-known surrealist works. (Sandoval, 1998) Dalis work was different to others since all of his discoveries and inventions are reflected in his work and appear in them in a scarcely transposed form. He and Gala later go to the United States, during World War II, were he devoted himself to self-publicity and began to paint pictures of religious themes. One of these paintings includes, The Crucifixion of St John of the Cross, (1951).During this time, he also showed the world that he was not only a great painter, but had other talents as well. For example, he designed jewelry, apartments, clothing, costumes, shop interiors, and stage sets. Along with this he also worked for Vogue and Hapers Bazaar. (Neret, 1997) This also led him to take part in the production of films such as, An Andalusian Dog and The Golden Age, where he worked in collaboration with Bunuel. (Folkes, 1999) gigantism was predominant in Dalis late work. The paintings that he created during this part of his life were a combination of all of the styles, which he had worked on.They include Surrealism, quintessential pompierism, pointillism, action painting, Tachisme, nonrepresentational abstraction, Pop art, Op art, and psychedelic art. (Neret, 1997) whatever of these pictures include, The D iscovery of America by Christopher Columbus (1958-59), and Tuna Fishing (1966-67). Stereoscopy was also used by Dali in some of his paintings such as, Dali from the Back, Painting Gala from the Back, Etermalized by Six Virtual Corneas Provisionally Reflected in Six real Mirrors (1972-73) or Dali Lifting the Skin of the Mediterranean Sea to give Gala the Birth of Venus (1977), to name a couple, to paint his closing visual poems. Neret, 1997) Dali also had a couple of exhibits in the final stage of his life. Some of these included exhibits in Rome and Venice, nuclear mysticism, in 1951, and at the National Gallery, in Washington, DC, in 1956. Dali continued to work on paintings and books, and continued to travel to countenance his latest creations, until the death of his wife Gala in 1982. A year later the creation of his perfume known as Dali came out along with his last painting, The Swallows Tail. Neret, 1997) He then lived in isolation from the world for a few years in Torre G alatea, when he began to endure some health issues. A few years later, January 23, 1989, Dali died of heart failure. References Folkes, S. T. (1999) Salvador Dali, Life. History. Art. Retrieved February 29, 2004, from http//www. seven7. demon. co. uk/dali/history. htm Neret, G. (1997). Salvador Dali. San Diego, CA Thunder Bay Press Sandoval, J. (1998) Dada and Surrealism Salvador Dali Biography. Retrieved February 29, 2004, from http//www. duke. eduSalvador DaliSalvador feline Action Dali lived to be among the most versatile and creative artists of the twentieth century. Dali was born on the 1 lath of March 1904 in Spain and he was one of history greatest surrealist and broad-minded artists. Surrealism is defined as opening up ones mind and accessing an unconscious world, through an area of art. During his childhood, Dali soon discovered that he was on the earth solely for the reason to be an artist. Dali earned a report as a malicious being, as he was expelled from his school for extravagant behavior.Dali had portrayed his ideas ND notions on a canvas, through his own understanding of discovering a new world based on the unconscious mind. His paintings also display a charisma and attraction for Classical and Renaissance art. This was clearly visible as his later works evinces hyper-realistic style and religious symbolism. Dali was often associated with the Surrealist movement, despite his removal from the group in 1934 due to his unreceptive political views.Salvador Dali is one of the most famous artists of the surrealist movement being known for his conspicuous surrealist work as well as his minting techniques resounding that of Renaissance art. Dali was born in Figures, Catalonia, Spain and belonged to a very prosperous family. Dali was ten years old when he had his first drawing lesson whilst demonstrating hysterical yet rage-filled outbursts towards his family and playmates. Pursuing his interest in art, he entered the Madrid School of ticket Arts i n 1921.Dali was in his early ass in 1920, when he first heard about a group of experimental artists in Paris. As it was depicted as strange, they had to invent a new word to describe their art surreal. Surrealism began as a ite deem and artistic movement. Andre Breton, a French Poet, had stir galore(postnominal) others after him, by discovering this new form of art. It was a revolutionary response to the devastation of the First World War. It was also inspired by the psychoanalytic concepts of Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that all of us possess an inner unconscious world, in which our emotional and sexual feelings are oppressed and the only way to express ourselves is to release emotions without illegalise what comes out 1. Dalais artistic profession commenced when he was expelled from the Madrid School of Fine Arts in 1924. By that time, Dali was already exhibiting work locally. He was invited by Andre Breton to Join the surrealists, when he moved to Paris.For the next several years, Dali had incorporated his illustrative theories into his paintings, displaying his thoughts about the psychological state of paranoia and its importance as a subject. He called this regularity the paranoia-critical activity, which is a surrealist method used to help an artist enter their subconscious through a systematic irrational thought and a self-persuaded paranoid state. Around this period, Dali had also substantial a short surrealist film that was directed by Luis Bungee, called Un Chine Nodal (An Andalusia Dog).Dali became so infamous because the subject matter of the film was so sexually and politically shocking. Dali had produced legion(predicate) important works during this period, which included William Tell (1930), The Persistence of Memory (1931), Dormouse, Coeval, and Lion invisible and the Birth of Liquid Desires (1932), Breton had dismissed Dali from the Surrealist group in 1934 as a result of his differing views on General Franco and fascism. Dali had the n moved to Italy in 1937, and practiced more traditional painting styles. Meanwhile, he had married Gala, the first wife of the founders of the surrealist movement.Gala was by chance the most important and influential figure in Dalais life. His paintings during the sass and sass focused more on religious themes, reproducing his enduring attraction of the supernatural. He had rendered many traditional still-like objects into his work. He continued employing his paranoia- critical method. In 1955, he returned to Spain, become rather withdrawn. Regardless he continued to paint until his death in the 1980. Salvador Dali influenced the manner of which modern font artists use the method of revealing the gap teen reality and illusion 2.His artwork provides a glimpse into the intimate world of an individuals subconscious. His outstanding yet somewhat tremendous dreamless and paintings effortlessly evoke emotion from a viewer. His work delivers a disconcerting impression of psychological hallucinations. Drawing on Dalais belief of unearthing the subconscious, many southward generation surrealists such as Joseph Cornwall, and other abstract expressionists continued to incorporate Dalais influence in their work. Arguably, the twentieth centurys most eccentric and successful artist was thought to have been referring to Dali.He is truly one of history greatest surrealists. As a Spanish-Catalan painter, entering the Madrid school of fine arts was Dalais first step to becoming a great artist. Discovering surrealism had changed Dalais life forever, Joining great surrealists such as Andre Breton. He developed painting methods, illustrating his theories of psychological state of paranoia and its importance as a subject matter. Salvador Feline Action Dali was the most influential contributor to the surrealist movement, leaving behind an impact on modern art.Salvador DaliVanishes sees UN Ecuador whiz poor el artists Salvador Feline Action Dali. Cosec Salvador Dali y est. Ecua dor porous De com piata. Us USA el still De surrealist, per us Trojan sees realists. Poor example, en The word picture Vanishes, Mira realists, per jadestone UN concept De surrealist. Edemas, you jocose Dali porous me gusts el rate De Dali. Me gusts us Trojan y rate porous us still surrealist sees nice y creative. Tamakin me gusts us rate porous De us ideas y el significant deters De cad painter. Ho, SE upped encounter eemploy De us rate en SST. Petersburg, Florida Berlin Germany Paris, France Catalina, Spawn.Salvador Feline Action Dali is a Spanish artist that is considered the personification of surrealism. Dali was born in 1904 in Catalina, Spain. He spent the early part of his life with his rich parents and attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. Then, he moved away to Join the Surrealist movement in 1934. He spent most of his live doing this in Madrid, Spain Paris, France and New York. The style that he used was surrealism, but he painted his portraits and other painting s realistically. Surrealism is the type of style that is not realistic and expresses the tycoon of imagination. TheImage Vanishes is a painting made by the artist, Salvador Feline Action Dali. I chose Salvador Dali and this painting because of how he paints. He uses the surrealistic style, but his work is realistic. For example, en The Image Vanishes, it looks realistic, but it uses a surrealistic concept. In addition, I chose Dali because I like the art of Dali. I like his work and art because of his surrealistic style is comical and creative. Also, I like his art because of his ideas and the significance behind each painting. Today, examples of his art can be found in SST. Petersburg, Florida Berlin Germany Paris, France Catalina, Spawn.

Family sociology journal

There have a bun in the oven been flip-flops between generations of family structure and family oleos over the geezerhood. both(prenominal) my great grandparents are Ghanaian. They had twelve children, my grandma universe the youngest. In those days, houses in Ghana were largely built and accommodated both member of the extended family. Their main topic and aim of living together under one roof was to give care, deem and perpetuate their cultural heritage. They provided each an freshly(prenominal)(prenominal) with physical needs, emotional and frugal support, meeting the basic gentlemans gentlemane needs for food, shelter and intimacy.Since hunting and gathering could not feed the whole family, they resulted to farming. Agri finale was their main character reference of work and income. It brought a very significant standard of assume to feed the entire extended family. The men were actively involved in farm work, particularly in the emergence of crops and rearing of animals. The men ensured that the supply of food was evenly shared to the family members, whiles the women stayed place and performed mansion duties like cooking cleaning, caring for the children and the elderly among different functions.My great grandparents make sure that the married couples procreate and fondism the next generation to perpetuate the society cultural heritage, traditions, practices, values, language, and so on. In addition, they ensured that the protective covering of every member Of the family was achieved, as well seeing to it that the new generations were nurtured and rooted in the customs and norms of the society. My great-grandfather passed murder at the age of 1 1 0, and my great, grandmother at the age of 1 15 respectively.In their old age, my mother, among other siblings including those from external branches of the family provided support for them in their daily activities much(prenominal) as personal care. My grandparents were both traders they were into the exportation and importation of farm produce to various parts of the world. My mother being the eldest of six children helped my grandparents in the running of the business. Moreover, my grandparents, being the head of the family, provided moral guidance and ensured that members of the family lived harmoniously with each other.This resulted in us spending more quality time with one another, promoting social unity, integration and thereby fostering happiness. In addition to all these, my grandparents excessively assisted to the other mothers in the community in their support for the daily needs of the younger ones. My grandfather died peacefully, at the age of 96. His finale really had a devastating impress on my grandmother since they performed various family functions together. She was later diagnosed with depression and dementia, which worsened with age.My mother with her other siblings took turns in caring for her until she passed away at the age of 95. After t he death of my grandparents, my mother married and divorced six years after. Her other five siblings to a fault married and migrated from the village and are now scattered across Europe, the States and Asia. Subsequently, my mother relocated to live in Germany and left me in the care of my father who eater remarried twice and had two children with each woman.Fifteen years ago, got married, moved step up(a) of Ghana and have since lived in Chocolates with my family. Though am now separated from my husband, I still live in Chocolates with my four children. Although my father still resides in Ghana, my other half siblings are living in different countries around the world. Due to the distance between us all, our ability to see each other and provide care and support as was the case in my grandparents generation has been greatly reduced.In view of the above, agree to the fact that due to the recent changes in the enfeeblement of family, there has been issues affecting the family suc h as divorce, minorer families, single parenthood, families scattered across the globe and greater number of people living alone. This has really decrease the family ability to care and support each other. In this journal, I pass on define what the term family means to me, and also how George Morocco and Talcum Parsons viewed the family and its roles from a functionalist perspective.Furthermore, I get out again explain the changes in the roles and kindred within the family in the last century, followed by a conclusion. The arrival of he industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism were primary factors that resulted in the changes in family role and structure in this modern era. The family role has been an interest and think by functionalists such as Tailcoat Parsons and Morocco George. Sociologist, anthropologist, historians, and economic expert have all defined family/ from their various different perspectives.One of the main existences that can have the some impact on society is the family. The meaning of family is different to every one of us. Family to me is the basic building block of society. It comprises a group of people who are elated by blood, such as great-grandparents, grandparents, uncles, aunties, nephews, nieces, cousins, parents children who live together or apart, thus representing a single household (see picture 1). The family could also be seen as an institution or a social group united done bonds of kinship, wedding party or adoption that joins members as one (Mansions and Plumper, 2008, p. 80). Pictures 1 Extended Family. reference point http//www. Backslash. Com/De tutorial/05/08/edited . HTML. Ideally, the family is an institution Of solicitation and nurturing. It ensures unity and cooperation among members, providing protection, companionship ND security. Some other whitethorn also view the family as a group of people living in love, protecting and supporting each other in spite of race, blood, gender, culture etc. In order to further elaborate on this issue of family, I will look at how family was in the hunt down and how much it has changed up until this date.One of the main changes in the dynamics of families is the social changes in the Womens movement and the changes from the extended family unit to thermonuclear family, then to other forms of families such as the single parent family unit, cohabitation, homo internals families and so on. Parsons identifies two oleos the family plays. The first is the primarily, the socializing of children. He argues that through solicitation, children acquire language absorb the accumulated knowledge, attitude, belief and values of their culture and learn the social and interpersonal skills they need if they are to function well and effectively in the society.The second aspect of the role Parsons assets is the stabilization of adult personalities. Parsons utter that the different roles men and women play could lead to stress and strains, thus family is seen as functioning when it provides warmth, security and emotional support for ACH other (see picture 2) and thus, all family members clear from the loving relationships that they share with each other. This process is also known as the Warm Bath theory where the family provides a very relaxing atmosphere at home to release stress and tension after a hard day at work (see picture 3).Pictures 2 The Family Members Supporting Each Other. origin http//blob. Wellness. Com/blob/-not-setvitamins-d-c-and-BBS-lend- each-other-helping-hands Picture 3 The Family Relaxing at Home. Source http//cytologist. Ham. Com/2008/06/27/functions-of-the-family- part-2/ George Morocco, arguably, took an entirely different approach in defining family as a social group think ofd by common residence, economic cooperation, and production (Sitting, 1 985, p. 60).He added that the family includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved intimate relationship, and one or more chi ldren, own or adopted, of the social cohabiting adults. Morocco (1949) looked at 250 societies and came up with four basic functions of the family. He claimed that the family is universal because it fulfils the following essential functions for society. These unctions focus on sexual, reproductive, educative and economic roles Of the family.Morocco believed that the sexual function serves to regulate sexual behavior. This function relates to the activity between the husband and wife, mating to bring forth children. This leads us to the reproductive function, which relates to bearing and raising the children for the next generation. The educational function serves as a platform for families to train and transmits values and virtues to the younger generation, thus building human capital. This function socialists the children into the culture of their society thereby asking them responsible adults.As the Bible states in Proverbs 2216 train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old, he will not depart from it (King James version). Morocco fourth function of the family is how it serves as economic unit, which provides financial security and stability among members. Undoubtedly, households do entail an economic relationship in different ways it ensures that the production and allocation of resources are distributed equally among members (Kittens, 1985, p. 62).Families supply each other with basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothing and other eternal resources that insure the emotional ties to one another. The men are the breadwinner of the house whiles the women perform various household duties and provide constant care and support for the children and the elderly. The functionalist perspective has focused on the role of the family in society and for its members. In other words, it looks at how the family, as an institution helps in maintaining order and stability in the society and the importance of the family for its members.There are different kinds of family system, namely the extended family, the nuclear family, single parent Emily, cohabitation family, gay and homosexual family etc. The extended family is defined as a family system in which several generations live in household (Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, 2005). Tailcoat Parsons believed that the extended family in the pre industrial era was the most beneficial as they were a unit of production. This means that the work and home lives were combined and so each member of the family gravels turns in helping and supporting each other in times of need.One tenability that the extended family was often not more prevalent than now is because of the lower conduct expectancy rate. Today, grandparents are in good shape and are living longer this can be attributed to a number of factors including the improvements in globe health, upkeep and medicines. The welfare system has also encouraged the De- institutionalizing of the elderly and created changes within the family structures giving rise to grandparents to assist in the caring of their grandchildren.Grandmothers in todays world are play a very vital role in caring for their grandchildren while their mothers and fathers go to work. It has been commonly believed that the nuclear family came about as a exult of industrialization, with small families better able to meet the demands of an industrialized economy (see picture 4). From my point of view, the nuclear family comprises of two adults, male and female, with their offspring (see picture 5). Sitting (1985) suggest that the nuclear family consist of a parent and a child or parents and children.Industrialization, arbitration, and capitalism were the main factors that led to the promotion of the nuclear family and household change (Sitting, 1985, p. 133). The main reason for this change was that industrialization saw the development of stories, which facilitated the rapid growth of large urban centers to support and supply labor for factory-ba sed production. Furthermore, these rapidly growing economic centers necessitated little family units in order to function optimally. Pictures 4 Extended Family. Source http//YMMV. Ambulant. Com/about/family. Tm Picture 5 The Nuclear Family. Source http//www. Preconditioning. Com/2013/03/13/parents-opinions- matter-win-prizes-with-parent-survey-panel-2/ Obviously, the structure of the family unit keeps changing, and with that, being a single mum or dad is much easier today than in previous years due to social acceptance and melloweder(prenominal) prevalence. Single parent families involve one adult and child (or children) most often the adult turns out to be female. This family unit is often derived from the nuclear family through the break-up of one family through divorce or death.In the past, people got married and stayed married regardless of the problems and difficulties the marriage will be facing. A divorce procedure was difficult, dearly-won and could take ages to come to e nd, making it impossible for marriages to breakdown. However, the number of single-parent families is growing at length. Divorce parents with heir dependents do not bear the stigma they once did, as it has become a norm in this modern era. (Wolfing, 2005, p. 2) Nowadays, one can get married today and divorce tomorrow. More women are choosing to have children out of wedlock.Functionalist like Parsons and Morocco have regarded the nuclear family as the best family unit for society since it fulfils many roles. Personally, I believe that the lone-parent family is still capable of socializing children into society. Gay and lesbian family unit is taking centre stage in todays words. In the Islamic society it is recognized as a taboo and loud lead to penalty by death (Mansions and Plumper, 2008, p. 392). This family unit consist of adults of the same sex with or without children the children could be their own from previous marriages Or adopted.Society looks down on homosexuals for seekin g sexual gratification from the same sex. This lifestyle is not seen as a social norm considered by the family and community where one lives. Due to recent changes in human right laws and regulations, same- sex marriage are seen as heterosexuals, given the same right and benefits as the nuclear family, overturning centuries of est. blushed radiation whereby homosexuals acts were kept out of the public existence and was seen as sin and a taboo. I Mill continue by outlining the changes in the roles of the family, how it has evolved and the impact on society since the twentieth century.Despite the changing lifestyles and ever-increasing personal mobility that characterize modern society, the family still remains the central element of contemporary life offering care and support, companionship, security and protection. But, the structure of the family, and society at large has undergone abundant changes in terms of the roles they lay. Before the industrial revolution, families were a unit of production and were considered to be multifunction. Members within the family (extended Family) had to work to support each other.Agric True was primarily their source of work and production. With the development of machine, equipment as well as the building of factories, which made the working process easier and increase in volume of production, people had to adapt to new conditions and lifestyle. Industrialization required a move from rural areas to urban centers and precisely, to where the factories were located, this ad a negative effect on the extended family since this led to higher geographic mobility reducing the kinship network.This changes brought about the nuclear family system, which was better fitted at that time. Men were the breadwinners and chief provider of the house and the women and kids were confirmed to the house playacting household duties such as taking care of the children, cleaning of the house, cooking, among other functions (see picture 6 &7) Pict ures 6 & 7 The Misery of working conditions in the Early Periods of Industrialization. Source http//www. Tepidity. Com/Genderless/How-Womens-Roles-in-the- Family-Have-Changed/ Source http//WV. Demutualization. Mom/business/bobcat/ Family+will+prove+good+thing+business+Ions/7939185/story. HTML However, functionalist like Karl Marx and Frederica Engels interpret the effect of industrialization, arbitration and the existence of the nuclear family from a negative perspective. They argued that the role of the family benefited the ruling class, thus helping to maintain class inequality and capitalism. Marx and Engels viewed the family as a unit of consumption, which promoted the products of the capitalistic and generated profit for the capitalist businesses Kismet, 2007).Marx believed the family socialists its members especially the children to become the next generation of labor power to the capitalist system. Marx went on to argue that parents exert authority and control over their chil dren thereby preparing them to take over by the capitalist authority in the work place (Goode, 1964, up. 219-224). Throughout the years, the family unit has changed drastically, the role of women have shifted from home based to outside of the house overly the men. Women have now moved into the workforce, equaling the same right and privileges men have in the ark place.Stacey (1987 238) seems to have noted that the massive increase of female participation in higher education and the labor force are both cause and effect of this family crises they both facilitate and are made necessary by family change (cited in Jaeger and Wright, 1999 4). At most majority of women in the workforce are highly positioned and managing various branches of the organizations due to their caring nature. Mens traditional roles have also changed. With working wives they are relieved from the burden of being the sole responsibility for supporting the family.Aside Of being the breadwinner, men are nowadays pa rticipating actively in the running and managing of the household. They help in the caring of the children, like taking them to school, picking them up from school, preparing meals for the family among other duties. In my opinion, the new changes in the role of the family can lead to family harmony and happiness since the mother, father as well as the children share in almost all the household activities. However, the changing relationship to work is also undermining the pattern of rights and expectations in the marriage.As women attachment to he paid labor force increases, they would require to exert the same power, control and rights in the making of family decisions as sibylline to men. When theses rights are not respected, most women find this intolerable leading to a break down of the marriage. Majority of women in full time employment continues to take responsibility of work in the household than the men, this is because they are pressured by the traditional sex roles duties in the past leaving them to work longer hours.Women have been performing majority of household duties for decades, and they will continue to do so until should task becomes a paid profession. It is very obvious that the modern family has many changes and differences in compare to the traditional family. In the past the family lived and worked together, so the family relationship was attached. The size Of the traditional family had two or more generations living together to provide care, warmth and support for each other. Children in this family unit are cared for not only by the parents, but other kindred.In contrast with modern society today, children within the nuclear family unit often stay with child-minders and neighbors whiles their arenas are at work. When mothers are at the workplace or away from their children for various reasons, they sometimes feel guilty that someone is being responsible for performing their duty of caring and raising their child or children. There is l imited time for solicitation in the nuclear family unit. Working parents may have less time for each other if they do not schedule a time for solicitation as a result of their feverish pace of family life.This can have a significant effect on marriage and family life resulting in their life not being fulfilled. Relationship may become more stressful, family members will tot feel as close and as involved with one another, and family living can become less enjoying. For this reason, the relationship of todays modern family system will not be close-knit as supposed to before. However, women who work outside the home report significant benefits associated with their job. They describe having high reputation and self-esteem and a greater sense of autonomy and respect.When a mother enjoys her work and gains a sense of satisfaction from it as well as good earnings, her children can benefit more than if she stays home. There will be adequate income for the should decreasing financial plea sure, and promoting a healthy lifestyle and relationship. pairing to me is the union between two people that is a man and a woman who show long time commitment for each other. From the beginning divinity revealed that marriage was a special union between a man and a woman to come together and replenish the earth. That was the only way to have children.People marry for various reasons. These reasons could be based love, security, for protection, to procreation, financial benefit, among other reasons (see picture 8). Interestingly, people refuse to get aired for various reasons. Some people endeavor to stay single because they like freedom. Others would want to be free do anything they want and not have to feel the burden of a family. Some will remain single so they can have fewer responsibilities than a married person. Majority of people have the fear of getting divorce and this pushes them away from getting married.This fear could be due to an experience the person has gone throu gh or witnessed. From my standpoint, when parents or a relative of yours goes through an unpleasant marriage relationship, which ended in divorce when you were a nouns, this could have a negative impact on you thinking you will face that same experience and problems, thereby avoiding having a taste of marriage. Nowadays, marriage have become less of an important for women who are now able to undertake paid work outside the home and are able to fend for themselves and their dependents leading to their increasing ability to form separate households.Adding to this, a divorce procedure doesnt take a significant amount of time and money like it was in centuries past. This has also resulted in the increase rate of divorce. Picture 8 Marriage the union of love. Source http//manifoldness. Mom/2011 /09/15/7-reasons-to-believe-in-the- power-of-marriage/ For centuries now, the issue of divorce and increased in divorce rate in this modern era is increasingly taking centre stage in the public do main (see pictures 9 & 10).In Great Britain for instance in 1 984, it was estimated that there were 940,000 lone parents families and half a million children living in these family unit (Snell and Millard, 1987, P. 389). latterly it is estimated that about one in two new marriages will fail (Wolfing, 2005, p. 2). Undoubtedly, divorce causes so much harm than good however, it can be viewed from a costive angle. Parents being separated can be better for the children so that they will not have put up with so many quarrels and bit among the parents.Most often, the children are the ones who are being affected greatly when a divorce process begins. Quite interestingly, more than twenty studies conducted over the last thirty years confirmed, children of divorced are likely to end up the same way, thus they refrain from entering into marriage (Wolfing, 2005, p. 3). Many single parents are as a result of divorce, others could be the death of one of the spouse. Whichever way it comes, being a ingle parent with dependents from my own perspective is not an experience one should go through.In most instances the men walk away leaving the women the sole responsibility in rearing and raising the child or children with very little help from the absent father. This often leads to financial constraint on the women (Wolfing, 2005, p. 4). However, the Welfare System has provided social security benefits such as (e. G. Tax credit, child benefit, income support, healthy start vouches, NASH freedom certificate, housing and council tax benefit, among other benefits) to help ease their financial burden. Most often, after divorce, people turn to cohabitate rather than getting remarried due to previous experience.

Findings research questionnaire Essay

The research questionnaire had essentially two parts. In the first part personal data of the customer in relation to banking practices was included. This was done to essentially categorize the customers in personal and corporate class. A summary of findings as a whole that is a have view of both the banks of this part is as apt(p) below. The banking work most frequently used by the customers were deposits (64 %) followed by Credit/ Debit Cards (23 %). The excerption of the bank by the customers was primarily based on location followed by the image and the services provided by the bank.This is indicated by the following percentages- Nearest Bank to habitation 34 % ? Nearest Bank to Office 21 % ? Reputation of Bank 15 % ? Overall Bank Image 12 % ? Recommendation of a companion 6 %. ? Reputation of Bank Staff 8 % There was no alternative 4 % ? Any Other Reason (Please elaborate) Negligible Response. The response to the relative frequency of use of banking service s has been combined for both the Banks and is tabulated as follows- Frequency Personal Customer Corporate Customer Daily 8 % 61 %.2-3 Times a Weeks 34 % 12 % Weekly 41 % 20 % Monthly 17 % 7 % It would be seen that most of the personal customers are weekly or bi weekly customers whereas the corporate customers are mostly daily visitors to the banks. This should enable us to cater for a greater expectancy of corporate customers in the bank, though cumulatively in numbers, it would be expected that more number of personal customers will be visiting it. Preferred mode of Utilization Mode Bank of chinaware HSBC Personal Corporate Personal Corporate profit 21 % 35 % 56 % 61 %.Physical 72 % 60 % 30 % 30 % lively Phone Banking 7 % 5 % 14 % 9 % It would be observed that there is greater use of the internet and mobile banking by customers of the HSBC as remote to those of Bank of China. On the other hand it is seen that more number of corporate customers in both cases were using internet b anking as opposed to personal clients, who comparatively preferred physical banking. Mobile banking as a concept has taken roots, but it is being used primarily by personal consumers with HSBC once again providing higher figures than Bank of China.In the second part of the response to questionnaire, the experiences of the customers to physical and internet banking as well as banking with respective institutions has been covered separately for to each one bank. The analysis of the findings have been carried out in the next chapter. Experiences of physical banking The boilersuit experience of physical banking has been tabulated in percentage for both the banks jointly for personal as well as the corporate customer. Bank of China HSBC The services were customer friendly 55 % 58 %.The services were timely 42 % 67 % The services were efficient 41 % 68 % There was adequate follow up of the services given 31 % 54 % The services are better than Internet 76 % 43 % There was a greater feeli ng of security than on the internet 78 % 55 % The services were more economical than on the internet 39 % 12 % My experience encourages me to continue with physical banking services 55 % 61 % Experiences of internet banking The overall experiences of internet banking are tabulated as given below-.Bank of China HSBC The services were customer friendly 32 % 66 % The services were timely 47 % 85 % The services were efficient 41 % 76 % There was adequate follow up of the services given 32 % 59 % The services are better than physical banking experience 67 % 89 b% There was a greater feeling of security than physical banking 41 % 76 % The services were more economical than physical banking 91 % 92 % My experience encourages me to continue with internet banking services 81 % 93 %.Overall Banking Experience with Bank of China or HSBC, London The percentage responses for overall banking experience have been summarized as per Table below. BANK OF CHINA HSBC The bank is actually customer frie ndly 54 % 67 % The services are very efficient 56 % 68 % The bank provides customized service to the customer 32 % 71 % The services are secure and ethical 67 % 81 % I will continue banking with the bank in the future 63 % 76 % Chapter 5 Analysis of Research

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gravid is A ) tools, equip manpowert, and factories used in the proceeds of goods and run one of four factors of harvest-tideion. Economics is the use of what to pull in and distribute goods and services? right-hand(a) D ) re quotations Want is specify B ) way of expressing a invent that leads to a preference for some goods over otherwises The implicit in(p) stinting problem is purify B ) scarmetropolis. Why do economists need to find the answer to altogether(a) 3 of these questions? squargon up D ) in that respect argon not enough resources to satisfy peoples seemingly unlimited wants grocery stores where productive resources ar bought and sold atomic number 18 ______ grocerys. line up A ) factor The key feature of the circular hunt of economic activity is the sink C ) market. Economics is based on enlighten B ) scarcity. includes the tools, equipment, machinery, and factories used in the production of goods and services. even up B ) Capital Twenty share of the worlds people in the wealthiest nations consume ____ percent of the worlds goods and services. make better A ) 86 In this passing game, Too a good deal marketing today focuses on awareness rather than reasons to buy. In the old days, awareness advertising was more(prenominal) effective. there was less competition. on the whole you had to worry to the highest degree was whether or not people remembered your product. As technology and more kinds of media live come about, its no longer enough to be remembered. The consumer has too many choices. Your marketing has to send the message that you are relevant. You need to be sending reasons to buy. Advertisers are advised to focus on the economic concept of line up C ) utility Manufactured goods needed to produce other goods and services are c tout ensembleed coif B ) capital goods. The dollar measure out of all final goods and services and the ost comprehensive measure of a dry lands total production turnout is objurgate D ) Gross Domestic Product (gross domestic product). The three basic economic questions everyone must answer are cook up C ) WHAT to produce, HOW to produce, FOR WHOM to produce. compassionate capital is conciliate B ) the sum of the skills, abilities, health, and motivation of people. According to Alice Rivlin in this race Economic literacy is kindred having a working knowledge of a conflicting language. If you are with a pigeonholing of foreigners and dont speak their language at all, you feel excluded.If you have a implicit in(p) working knowledge of the language, you can at least(prenominal) follow the drift of the conversation, ask a few questions and feel that, even if you are not getting the fine supermans, you are not totally leftfield out and you have a basis for acquiring more knowledge. That, it seems to me, is what economic literacy heart and soul-a rudimentary working knowledge of the concepts and language of economic activity. If you have a rudimentary work ing knowledge of economic concepts, you will be Correct B ) able to ask questions to gain more knowledge. Factors of production is/are CorrectB ) productive resources that make up the four categories of land, capital, labor, and entrepreneurship. There Is No Such Thing As A Free Lunch reminds us that Correct A ) resources are barely and that we must make occupyful economic decisions regarding WHAT, HOW, and FOR WHOM to produce. In this passage, To take an example, whizz man draws out the wire, other straightens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it and the do of a pin is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations. Adam Smith is describing the basic economic concept of CorrectC ) division of labor. The situation in which some necessities have little value while some non-necessities have a much higher value is known as Correct A ) paradox of value. The property used to buy the tools and equipment needed for production is known as Correct C ) financial ca pital. In which type of prudence do consumers and privately owned professiones make the major(ip)ity of the WHAT, HOW, and FOR WHOM decisions?. Correct B ) light enterp overturn Division of labor is a characteristic of Correct B ) prevarication line production. The free market economy has developed a strong CorrectB ) system of banks. In modern economies, the medium of ex spay is Correct B ) money. Which of the pursual(a) lists the four factors of production? Correct D ) land, labor, capital, entrepreneurs Actions in one wear out of the country or world that have an economic impact on what happens elsewhere are examples of Correct D ) economic interdependence. Uneven distribution of oil reserves around the world is an example of scarcity of Correct C ) geography. One return of a ___________ economy is that it gradually ad scarces to change over date. Correct A ) market A traditional economy is an CorrectB ) economy in which the allotment of resources and nearly all other e conomic activity from ritual or habit. The high degree of freedom in a market system is reach outd by the fact that Correct A ) producers can make whatever they think will sell. To arrive at an economic decision, a decision-making grid may be used to evaluate Correct C ) alternative choices of action. Who makes economic decisions in a command economy? Correct C ) the government An example of a market economy is Correct C ) the united States Economics is the use of what to produce and distribute goods and services? Correct D ) resourcesIn the apostrophize-benefit analysis describe in this passage Research has long demonstrated the fosterageal value of early intervention for Americas at-risk children, but a new study also shows the federal programs are a wise semipublic investment. who are the investors A cost-benefit analysis of the federally funded Chicago Child-Parent Center program, which serves children from low-income families in Chicagos inner city shows that an averag e annual cost of $6,730 per child generated a total return to society at large of $47,759 per participant. Who benefited from the savings? Correct C ) all of societyA popular ideal used to illustrate the concept of opportunity cost is Correct A ) the production possibilities frontier. Which of the followers dress hat describes the relationship between administer-offs and opportunity costs? Correct A ) opportunity costs are incurred when trade-offs are made. The study of economics is important because it enables us to Correct C ) become better decision makers. The close important play of a distribution system is to link _____. Correct C ) producers and consumers Which term refers to the idea that if you have more of one thing, you must have less of another? CorrectB ) opportunity cost What type of economic system does this passage So long as mankind lived by raising crops and herding animals, there was not much need for measuring small units of time. The seasons were all impo rtant-to know when to expect the rain, the snow, the sun, the cold. Why bother with hours and minutes? Daylight was the alone important time, the only time when men could work. describe? Correct A ) traditional economy The purpose of government in a command economy is to Correct C ) make major economic decisions. A market economy Correct A ) does not provide for everyones basic needs.Opportunity cost is the Correct D ) cost of the next best alternative use of money, time, or resources when one choice is made rather than another. An economy at its production possibilities frontier is operating Correct B ) at full potential. The term standard of living refers to Correct A ) quality of life in a country. Bar graphs Correct A ) shows relationships between diverse data series is the bar graph. Here the height of the bar represents the measured value or frequency The higher or longer the bar, the greater the value. The briny drawback of the traditional economy is that itCorrect A ) ten ds to discourage new ideas and ways of doing things. In the economic system described in this passage Diaguita Indians have lived in this locality for generations We grow beans, corn and potatoes on the mountain slopes. To irrigate these crops, we still use the channels built centuries ago by our ancestors. We also breed llamas. In our community, the more llamas you own, the richer you are . answers to the basic economic questions would be determined by Correct A ) habit and custom. in all of the followers are characteristics of a command economy EXCEPTCorrect B ) public services are available at little or no cost. In a ____________ economy, a central authority makes around of the WHAT, HOW, and FOR WHOM decisions. Correct B ) command What do we call a way of thinking that compares the cost of an action to its benefits? Correct A ) cost-benefit analysis What is the single largest source of revenue for the federal government? Correct C ) individual income imposees The benefit pr inciple of receipts states that Correct D ) people who benefit from government goods and services should pay taxes according to the benefit they receiveFICA includes taxes to pay for Correct A ) accessible Security and Medicare. Personal individual income tax is a _____________ tax. Correct B ) regressive An exception or oversight in the tax law that allows some people and businesses to avoid paying taxes is called a Correct C ) tax loophole The three criteria for effective taxes are Correct D ) paleness, simplicity, and efficiency A ________ tax paid by corporations on their income. Correct D ) corporate income tax This passage Well cut your taxes is the most repeated campaign promise in the history of American politics.Yet somehow it is still considered visionary, worth a fight. Worth, indeed, a crusade. Why? Its in our blood. Historically, Americans have hated taxes, and not merely because we had to pay them. Weve hated taxes because weve perceived them to be an infringement o n our liberty-and the source of big, powerful, and mischievous government. This was truthful from the beginning. It wasnt unspoiled taxation without representation that bothered us so much. It was taxation. Period. compares the feelings of Americans toward taxation today to those same feelings around the time of the Correct C ) American Revolution.The relative incidence of a tax can more effectively be shifted from the supplier to the consumer if Correct A ) the demand curve is inelastic. The ability-to-pay principle of taxation states that Correct C ) people should be taxed according to their ability to pay. Iowa residents can take solace in knowing that theyll likely function the state with its budget crunch if President Bush cuts federal taxes. Iowas s very muching economy has left state government revenue stagnant, a problem caused by a lack of disbursement by Iowans. Sales-tax receipts have barely bumped up from last form, and its coming back to hit the state budget.In I owa, residents get to deduct their federal income taxes from their state income taxes. So if the federal government saves Iowans $1 billion in income a tax, thats $1 billion that the state will get to tax. According to the passage, how will a cut in federal income taxes help the Iowa state budget crunch? Correct A ) The state can tax more of residents income. Intergovernmental revenues are ecumenically intended for Correct A ) education and public welfare. According to the passage America can celebrate Tax Freedom Day on May 3, 2001, according to the Tax Foundations annual calculation.That means that the nations taxpayers have to work from January 1, 2001, to the 123rd day of the year in the lead earning enough money to pay for government-federal, state, and local-and start spending money on themselves. Individual income taxes represent the largest chemical element of Americans tax bills. what is the meaning of Tax Freedom Day? Correct D ) By that day, you have earned enough to p ay your income taxes for the year. The authority to levy a federal income tax comes from Correct B ) the Sixteenth Amendment. An excise tax is a Correct B ) tax on the manufacture and sale of selected items. The incidence of a taxCorrect B ) refers to those who bear the final burden of taxation. A _____________ tax is tax on tangible and intangible possessions, such as real estate, buildings, furniture, stocks, bonds, and bank accounts. Correct B ) home The three largest sources of revenue for local governments are Correct A ) utility and liquor store income, property tax, and intergovernmental revenues. FICA is Correct D ) tax levied on employers and employees to support social Security and Medicare According to the passage Back in 1940, when the Social Security program was just getting under way, average life apprehension was less than 64 years.The programs de stainers expected that most people would contribute to the program most of their lives and die before collecting a dime in retirement benefits. Today, average life expectancy in the United States is more than 75 years. As life expectancy has soared, birthrates have make upd, leaving fewer and fewer workers to support the ballooning number of retirees. In 1950, the system was solidly supported with 16 workers paying for each retiree today, there are just over three workers per beneficiary. The increase in average life expectancy has created a problem for the Social Security system becauseCorrect B ) more people are collecting retirement benefits. The two broad categories of government spending are Correct B ) the purchase of goods and services and payments to single out groups. Although direct mail and special events are typical fundraising methods, one senator who was challenging an incumbent got the most money from his own personal phone calls to donors. Correct A ) True Transfer payments from the government to individuals or other levels of government might be used for all of the following EXCE PT Correct C ) maintenance of the armed forces. A Value-added tax is CorrectA ) tax placed on the value that manufacturers add at the end of production. Based on this passage Every year at this time, Congress discovers, with a great public show of dismay and indignation, the existence of the American tax code and the agency that administers it, the Internal Revenue Service. There are high-minded calls for abolishing the current tax system and replacing it. Around April 15, Congress likes to pretend that the tax code just sort of appeared or just happened. But the Constitution puts the burden of taxes solely, exclusively and entirely on Congress shoulders.The tax code is the way it is because a majority of Congress wants it that way. Members of Congress probably like to pretend that the tax code just sort of appeared because they Correct B ) dont want voters to associate them with taxes. Leisure and creative pursuits are called Correct D ) nuance The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 Co rrect D ) did little to benefit people without children or capital gains. Overall, who benefited most from tax reform in 1997? Correct C ) the top 20 percent of wage and income earners __________ is the part of the economy made up of federal, state, and local governments. CorrectB ) Public sector The flat tax Correct D ) simplifies the tax process. A value-added tax (VAT) is Correct B ) tax on the value added at every stage of the production process The alternative lower limit tax Correct B ) requires people to pay a minimum tax of 20 percent. The VAT is a ______ tax. Correct D ) federal wholly of the following are effects of increased government spending EXCEPT Correct D ) a decrease in competition between the public and private sectors. The flat tax Correct C ) departs from ability-to-pay principle of taxation. All levels of government combined consume about Correct B ) one-third of the nations output.All of the following EXCEPT one are advantages to a value-added tax. Correct B ) it is invisible to consumers All of the following are effects of the federal debt EXCEPT Correct D ) refer rates are lowered. An example of mandatory spending is financing for Correct A ) post payments on the federal debt. The pay-as-you-go provision is Correct D ) requirement that new spending proposals or tax cuts must be offset by reductions elsewhere. Who pays for the maintenance on the state highway linking Tyler, Texas, with Corsicana, Texas? Correct C ) Texas The sequence for the approval of the federal budget is CorrectB ) president to Congress back to president. Based on the facts given in the passage One result of the current Social Security debate has been to concentrate the publics mind on the true economic condition of the elderly. While the top 20% of seniors are relatively copious? almost all of the rest are highly dependent on Social Security. The program provided at least half of the total income of more than 55% of senior citizens and at least 75% of the total income of more than a third. Social Security lifted 11. 4 one trillion million seniors-or nearly half of the 65-and-older tribe-out of poverty, black the elderlys poverty rate from 47. % to 11. 9%. , approximately how many Americans are age 65 or older? Correct C ) slightly under 22. 8 million Of the four categories listed below, which accounts for the largest get along of local expenditures? Correct B ) public utilities Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the federal deficit to the federal debt? Correct B ) The federal deficit leads to adoption, which adds to the federal debt. According to the passage One result of the current Social Security debate has been to concentrate the publics mind on the true economic condition of the elderly.While the top 20% of seniors are relatively affluent? almost all of the rest are highly dependent on Social Security. The program provided at least half of the total income of more than 55% of senior citizens an d at least 75% of the total income of more than a third. Social Security lifted 11. 4 million seniors-or nearly half of the 65-and-older population-out of poverty, cutting the elderlys poverty rate from 47. 6% to 11. 9%. , about what percentage of the elderly would be living in poverty if the Social Security system did not exist? Correct A ) 47. 6% The United States government accumulated wide deficits during the 1980s due toCorrect C ) a doubling of spending on national defense. All of the following are differences between the federal debt and private debt EXCEPT Correct C ) the federal debt is the total amount of money borrowed from investors. Interest on debt is Correct D ) costs incurred by both state and local governments for borrowing money Which of the following is NOT an example of a local government? Correct C ) neighborhood associations The federal debt is Correct D ) amount borrowed to pay deficit spending budget with n each a surplus or deficit Which of the following i s an example of an entitlement payment?Correct B ) federal money given to a senior citizen as a Social Security payment All of the following are local officials with approval power for spending EXCEPT Correct D ) the tax assessor. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the federal deficit to the federal debt? Correct B ) The federal deficit leads to borrowing, which adds to the federal debt. From the choices below, identify when the federal government began significant deficit spending. Correct C ) 1980s Of the four categories listed below, which accounts for the largest amount of state expenditures?Correct D ) higher education Who formulates the federal budget? Correct C ) the president Of the four categories listed below, which accounts for the largest amount of local expenditures? Correct B ) public utilities Based on the passage The Aztec in primaeval America used cacao beans, from which chocolate is made, as money. Prices varied from a few beans f or a piece of fruit to some(prenominal) thousand for an enslaved person. Aztec merchants had to take care when selling expensive items. Payment usually came stored in sacks, and the sacks might contain counterfeit money-bean husks filled with mud. What type of money did the Aztec use? Correct D ) good money Which of the following statements about a sumptuous standard is FALSE? Correct C ) It is easier to expand the money tot. The United States government ended the halcyon standard in Correct B ) 1934. Based on the passage To get its new Sacajawea dollar into circulation, the U. S. Mint has issued more than calciferol million of the flamboyant coins since the end of January, not only to banks, but also to Wal-Mart and Sams club stores. But in what may be the greatest coin trick ever, the dollars have all but vanished.People are making them into jewelry, auctioning them off on eBay, and leaving them under pillows on behalf of the tooth fairy-anything but spending them. The Mint expects Sacajawea to be back in circulation by year-end, when more than a billion of the dollars will have been minted and the novelty, it hopes, will have worn off. Sacajawea dollars have disappeared because many people believe they are Correct A ) worth more as a commodity than as property. According to the passage After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, Russian currency was not trusted. Real money played a fairly small part in Russias economy.Most business was conducted by barter or with IOUs. For example, workers rarely current wages in the form of cash. A bicycle factory outside the city of Perm paid its workers in bicycles To get cash, the workers had to sell their paychecks More often than not, they simply traded the bicycles for the products they want. most business in Russia, at that time, was conducted without currency because Russian currency was not Correct A ) accepted. Greenbacks and United States notes were issued to Correct A ) cabbage money to finance the Civil War. The value of fiat money is Correct D ) faith in the government.These passages in the United States Constitution Article 1, piece 8 The Congress shall have the power To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof and in Article 1, Section 10 No State shall coin money hand out bills of credit make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts. made which of the following statements true at that time? Correct C ) The government could not print paper money.Which of the following statements about a gold standard is FALSE? Correct C ) It is easier to expand the money supply. The problem with Continental dollars was that Correct A ) so much was printed they became nearly worthless. Money that has an alternative use as an economic good is Correct A ) commodity money. Money functions as all of the following EXCEPT Correct D ) a measure of value. One disadvantage of using gold as a standard for money is Correct D ) paper currency holders could exchange it for gold. What is the origin of the American dollar? Correct B ) the Spanish peso and shillings Money by government decree has no alternative value or use as a commodity is called Correct C ) fiat moneyFiat currency is also known as ________. (hint look at the paper money in your possession. ) Correct A ) legal tender The part of modern money that we can touch consists of Correct B ) federal officialeral Reserve Notes. Local banks in the 1800s that printed too much money were called Correct A ) wildcat banks. ________ is/are the monetary standard under which the basic currency unit is equivalent t o, and can be exchanged for, a specific amount of gold Correct D ) Gold standard To make a difference with the Spanish peso, Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Hamilton divided the dollar into Correct B ) tenths (10 equal pieces). Most stocks in the United States are traded on theCorrect B ) over-the-counter market. In what city was Americas first stock exchange located? Correct B ) Philadelphia To determine Gross National Product, Correct C ) add to gross domestic product all payments received by Americans outside the U. S. and subtract payments made to foreign-owned resources in the U. S. In 2001, the national debt was $5. 1 one million million dollars. When President Obama was inaugurated in January of 2009, the national debt was $10. 6 trillion. Sixteen months later the national debt is Correct A ) $13. 1 trillion dollars. In the Gross Domestic Product defense spending is in which sector? Correct B ) governmenGross Domestic Product is CorrectD ) dollar amount of all final goods an d services produced within a countrys borders in a year. Which is the best measure of the nations income? Correct B ) GNP Which stock exchange the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States. Correct D ) NASDAQ A bull market is a Correct C ) period during which stock market bells move up for several months or years in a row. The Efficient Market Hypothesis argues that Correct A ) stocks are always priced about right and bargains are hard to find. A bear market is a Correct A ) period during which stock market prices move down for several months or years in a row.The great majority of stocks in the United States are traded on Correct C ) the over-the-counter market. The Efficient Market Hypothesis argues that Correct A ) stocks are always priced about right. According to the United States Treasury, the US national debt is the Correct A ) principal amount owed by the US to its lenders, for example, China and Japan A stock transaction that is made immediately at the market price is made in the Correct B ) spot market. The largest sector of the macroeconomy is the Correct D ) consumer sector. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) represent what market value of all U. S. stocks on the New York Stock Exchange Correct A ) fifth (20%)Which of the following is the most important aggregate of how a country is doing economically? Correct C ) gross national produce Investors who sign a contract guaranteeing them the option of selling shares of stock at a specified price in the future day have agreed to a Correct D ) put option. In the exemplar GDP = C + I + G + F, the F represents the Correct B ) difference between the dollar value of goods sent abroad and goods purchased from abroad. Since colonial times, the average size of a household in the United States has Correct B ) decreased. Which best describes the movement of the center of population of the United States? Correct C ) east to westBy April 2000, the population of th e United States stood at about 281. 4 million people. This years anticipated census will be _____ million people. Correct D ) 309 The official count of all people in the United States is called Correct D ) the decennial census. A price king is a ______________. Correct C ) a statistical series that can be used to measure changes in prices over time Real GDP is Correct D ) GDP adjusted to remove the distortion of inflation. Life expectancy is the Correct A ) average remaining life span in years for persons who get hold of a given age. Since colonial times, the rate of addition of the United States population has Correct B ) steadily decreased.What is the implicit GDP price deflator? Correct A ) a price index that measures price changes in GDP All of the following factors affect population yield EXCEPT Correct A ) demographers. All of the following statements about real GDP are true EXCEPT Correct C ) real GDP is the same as current GDP. Which of the following is the correct way t o calculate real GDP? Correct B ) Divide current GDP by the implicit GDP price deflator and consequently multiply by 100. The United States lost 600,000 soldiers during World War II and another 37,00 in the Korean War. In the years from 1946 until 1964 there were 76 million babies born. This era has been named the Correct B ) baby boom.The official count of all people in the United States is called Correct D ) the decennial census. Economists know it is important to cut across inflation because it Correct B ) distorts statistics about overall economic performThe mean center of United States population (using the centroid definition) has been calculated for each U. S. Census since 1790. Currently this point is located in Correct D ) Missouri. All of the following factors affect population growth EXCEPT Correct A ) demographers. To construct a price index, all of the following are needed EXCEPT Correct B ) the current inflation rate. Business cycles are Correct A ) nonsystematic upt urns and downturns of real GDP.Real GDP per capita is the preferred measure of economic growth over the long run because Correct B ) prices and the population change over time. This marked the beginning of the large mental picture in 1929 Correct D ) stock market crash The United States experienced almost no growth in real GDP per capita Correct A ) between 1929 and 1939. Which of the following factors affect economic growth? Correct D ) all of the above Which of the following statements about economic growth is FALSE? Correct C ) Economic growth decreases the tax base. Increasing productivity results in Correct A ) increasing economic growth. An econometric model is a CorrectD ) macroeconomic model that uses algebraic equations to describe how the economy behaves. A number of factors are important to economic growth-especially the quantity and quality of the Correct C ) factors of production (A)(An) ___________ is a monthly statistical series that anticipates changes to the real GDP. Correct D ) index of leading indicators The United States experienced almost no growth in real GDP per capita Correct A ) between 1929 and 1939. A period during which real GDP declines for two quarters in a row, or six consecutive months, is call a(n) ___________. It begins when the economy reaches a peak, and ends when the economy reaches a trough. Correct A ) recession The passage A key gauge of future U. S. conomic activity declined 0. 5% last month, as the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington weakened an already troubled economy. The Conference Board said Monday its index of leading economic indicators fell to 109. 2 in September, the largest one-month decline since January 1996. The index indicates where the overall U. S. economy is headed in the next three to six months. The economy had been seek for several months before the Sept. 11 attacks. Many economists have said they believe that a recession is unavoidable with the new uncertainties jawd by the d isaster. discusses a business fluctuation influenced by Correct D ) external shock.The _____ is a composite index of 11 economic series that move up and down in advance of changes in the overall economy statistical series used to predict business cycle turning points. Correct C ) econometric model Your ________ is the quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier. Correct B ) standard of living Increasing productivity results in Correct A ) increasing economic growth. The business cycle since World War II has been characterized by Correct A ) extended expansions alternating with brief recessions. Changes in ____________ expenditures are one cause of business cycles. Correct D ) capital A major feature of a __________ is its ability to increase real per capita output enough to allow people to raise their standard of living.This system also increases peoples free time, allowing them to devote more attention to families, hobbies, and recreat ional activities. Correct C ) free enterprise economy When productivity grows, people produce relatively ______ with the same amount of inputs, and the prices of goods and services tend to stay _______. Correct D ) more, low The change in price level is the _______. Correct B ) an increase in the general price level Prices tend to _______ during expansions and then ________ during recessions. Correct A ) rise faster, slow down To measure the price level, economists select a market basket of goods and then construct a price index such as the Correct B ) consumer price index, producer price index, or implicit GDP.Because there are always some workers who are in the process of changing jobs, there will always be some ____________ unemployment in the economy. Correct D ) frictional According to the passage The nations unemployment rate rose to 4. 5 percent in June as manufacturers continued to suffer heavy job losses and demand for workers in service industries fell to the lowest level in 10 months. The Labor Department reported Friday that the jobless rate rose 0. 1 percentage point from a 4. 4 percent rate in May. The 4. 5 percent level matched the unemployment rate in April with both months representing the highest level the jobless rate has reached in the year-long economic slowdown. what was the highest level that unemployment reached that year? Correct D ) 4. % All of the following are theories regarding the cause of inflation EXCEPT Correct C ) cost-pull. Unemployment that occurs when a fundamental change in the operations of the economy reduces the demand for workers and their skills is called ___________ unemployment. Correct A ) technological The ________ curve is a curve that shows how much the actual distribution of income varies from an equal distribution. Correct B ) Lorenz At the peak of the Great falloff 1 out of ____ were unemployed. Correct A ) 4 A relatively low rate of inflation, usually 1 to 3 percent annually is Correct A ) creeping inflat ion A booming economy. Record-low unemployment.A blizzard of pink slips a note stating that a person has been fired. Whats wrong with this picture? The fact is, even in the best of times hundreds of thousands of people lose their jobs through no fault of their own. You might not get any advance warning, so dont be caught off guard. Have an up-to-date resume and networking system. You want to be able to launch your job search soon after you get the no-count news. What type of unemployment does this passage describe? Correct D ) frictional The unemployment rate understates employment conditions for all of the following reasons EXCEPT Correct A ) some workers are between jobs for one reason or another. Galloping inflation is CorrectB ) intense form of inflation that can go as high as 100 to ccc percent The passage For all the recent talk of cutting taxes, Congress rarely cuts them when the economy is growing robustly, as it is now, and unemployment is low. The worry among economists i s that the extra money in peoples pockets may make an already strong economy too strong, finally stoking inflation after a long period of relatively stable prices. describes ascent inflation as a possible result of Correct B ) a booming economy. According to the demand-pull theory, inflation is caused by Correct D ) consumers. expert employment is reached when the employment rate drops below _____ percent. Correct B ) 4. 5 Changes in technology and changes in consumer tastes can cause Correct B ) morphological unemployment.According to the demand-pull theory, inflation is caused by Correct D ) all of the above. Unemployment that is directly related to swings in the business cycle is Correct C ) cyclical unemployment According to the passage The Bank of Amsterdam was established in Holland in 1609. At that time, Amsterdam was a center of world trade. More than 340 different kinds of silver coins and about 500 types of gold coins circulated throughout the city. Dutch merchants had little idea how much these coins were worth, so the Bank of Amsterdam was set up under a charter from the city to standardize the currency. The Bank of Amsterdam operated as Hollands central bank for more than 200 years.After making a series of bad loans, however, it failed and went out of business in 1819-almost 100 years before Americas central bank was founded. why did the Bank of Amsterdam stop operating? Correct C ) It made bad loans. actions by the federal official Reserve System to expand or contract the money supply in order to affect the cost and availability of credit Correct D ) monetary policy A portion of the deposits in the form of coins and currency that banks and other depository institutions are required to hold are called ________ reserves. Correct D ) legal The quantity theory of money holds that excessive increases in the monetary supply Correct C ) lead to inflation. plyeral Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan distinct seven years ago to publicize the central bank s interest-rate moves once they were made. Now, each meeting of the Fed-whether the central bank changes rates or not-triggers a chorus of crying analysis of what it means for the economy and the financial markets. Which function of the Federal Reserve is the subject of this passage? Correct C ) regulating the money supply The Fed remains largely independent from politics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT Correct D ) the president and Congress appoint new members to vacant lay on the Board of Governors. he dilemma faced by the Fed when considering monetary policy is the choice between Correct A ) inflation and interest rates.Based on this quotation Not too many years ago, Federal Reserve officials conducted monetary policy as if they were members of the Politburo plotting behind the thick walls of the Kremlin. the author believed that the Federal Reserve had been too Correct D ) secretive. When command economies make the transition to capitalism, they face all of the follow ing challenges except Correct A ) the Gosplan. Correct B ) debts and obligations. The Fed has defined different categories of money, M1 and M2, according to the moneys Correct B ) function. Repeated short-run attempts to keep interest rates low result in a _________ of the money supply, making inflation _________. Correct A ) long-term expansion, worse e FED has defined M2 as Correct A ) represents the components of the money supply that most closely conform to moneys role as a. store of value. Which letter designations mark Fed actions that will expand the money supply? Correct B ) Lower reserve requirement, Buy bonds, Lower discount rate. The ___________ is the interest the Fed charges on loans to financial institutions. Correct D ) discount rate Assets are Correct A ) properties, possessions, and claims on others. n the long run, changes in the supply of money affect the ____________. Correct C ) general level of prices Which letter designations mark Fed actions that will contrac t the money supply? CorrectC ) Raise reserve requirement, Sell bonds, Raise discount rate For a bank to be profitable, how much of a spread must it maintain between the rate it charges on loans and the rate it pays for borrowed funds? Correct B ) 2-3 percent A balance sheet shows all of the following EXCEPT Correct A ) bank assets on the right of the T account. All of the following are tools of monetary policy EXCEPT Correct C ) tight money controls. The dilemma faced by the Fed when considering monetary policy is the choice between Correct A ) inflation and interest rates. The price of credit is the ______. Correct A ) rate of interest At times the Fed monetizes the debt in order to CorrectB ) keep interest rates from rising. In the short run, monetary policy affects Correct C ) interest rates and available credit. The social costs of economic asymmetry include all of the following EXCEPT Correct A ) stagflation. Those who favor supply-side policies would tend to support the gover nment playing Correct B ) a reduced role in the economy. Monetarism is described as Correct D ) emphasis on the role of money and its growth as a key to controlling inflation and unemployment. Deregulation is most closely associated with Correct D ) supply-side economics. Economic instability wastes all of the following EXCEPT Correct C ) tax revenues.According to bum Maynard Keyness theory of the multiplier-accelerator effect, a decline in investment spending will Correct B ) lead to a downward spiral of the economy. ____________ policies are federal policies designed to increase or decrease total demand in the economy by shifting the aggregate demand curve to the right or to the left. Correct D ) Demand-side conglobation demand will increase Correct D ) if consumers save less and spend more. Unlike demand-side economics, supply-side economics Correct A ) advocates reduced government interest in business. The unofficial statistic that is the sum of monthly inflation and the unem ployment rate same as discomfort index is Correct B ) misery indexAccording to Keynesian economics, only the _________ sector is big enough to step in and offset changes in investment sector spending. Correct B ) consumer The ____________ is the sum of the monthly inflation and unemployment rates. Correct A ) misery index Which is an example of the uncertainty caused by economic instability? Correct B ) A consumer delays a purchase. Social costs are Correct D ) price of economic instability in human terms. The _____________ like unemployment insurance and Social Security protect consumers and the economy in general if economic conditions worsen. Correct A ) automatic stabilizers Which of the following statements is FALSE? Correct B ) Economic instability is at the root of all social problems. John Maynard Keynes CorrectD ) introduced his theories in 1936. The social costs of economic instability include all of the following EXCEPT Correct A ) stagflation. Economists measure the cost of economic instability with Correct D ) both a and b Wage price controls are Correct B ) regulations making it illegal for businesses to give workers raises or to raise prices without the explicit permission of the government. Stagflation is ________. Correct B ) period of stagnant growth combined with inflation The use of government spending and taxing to influence economic activity is called _ Correct B ) fiscal A period of stagnant growth combined with inflation is known as ____________. CorrectB ) stagnation The basis for worldwide trade stems from Correct B ) the differences in production costs from one country to another. The Council of Economic Advisers Correct C ) advises the president on economic developments and strategy. The three-member group that reports on economic developments and pop the questions strategies to the president is called the Correct A ) Council of Economic Advisers. Which is the best description of the role of the Council of Economic Advisers? Corre ct A ) report economic developments and propose strategies The nations monetary policy Correct A ) often comes under attack from politicians. The United States imports CorrectC ) billions of dollars in products each year. Which of the following is proof that international trade is unspoiled? Correct C ) the fact that free nations choose to trade vThe three-member group that reports on economic developments to the president is called the Correct B ) Council of Economic Advisers. A country has a(n) ___________ whenever it is able to produce more of a given product than another. Correct A ) absolute advantage ____________ economic policies grew out of the unemployment and other problems that occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Correct D ) Demand-side All of the following describe economists EXCEPT CorrectB ) economists are sharply divided into competing schools of thought with little overlap of ideas and beliefs. If a country wants to trade a product with another countr y, it must have a(n) ___________ in the production of that product. Correct D ) comparative advantage Alpha can produce either 10 apples or 3 oranges. Beta can produce either 12 apples or 3 oranges. Correct C ) Beta has an absolute advantage in the production of apples. Imports are Correct B ) goods and services that one country buys from other countries. The ability of a country to produce a product with greater output per unit of input is Correct A ) absolute advantage. . A country has a comparative advantage when it can