Impacts Of A Natural Or Man Made Disaster Tourism Essay

Impacts Of A Natural Or Man Made Disaster crookistry leavenIntroductionOver the yrs the worlds poorest countries bugger off become popular phaeton conclusions, drawing visitors with images of exotic environments and cultures (Harrison, 1995 WTO, 2004). Increasing cheap and easy start has make gigantic distance vacations a reality. Tourism countries is growing steadily in developing, urged by this governments, and by the international community, which includes the World Bank, as a heart of encouraging economic diversication, stimulating local incomes and earning most foreign convince (Brohman, 1996 Christie, 2001 Harrison, 1995 Markandya et al., 2004 WTO, 2002, 2004, 2005 WTTC, 2005).But Tourism industry is prone to fluctuate and is a un reliable system which often strikes with minimal warning. Tourism promotion could be an economic substitute to many developing and under developing countries but, if situations to become unfavourable it could guess the ones engaged in a worse economic situation than they were to begin with when introduced to touristry. The risks of over-concentration on a single sector of the economy enkindle be high (Feenstra Hanson, 1996) and this is especi in ally true in poor counties of the world where tourism domineers the economy. The island of Bali in Indonesia is one example, peace was wrecked by terrorist bombs in October 2002, and once again in October 2005. The bombs which exploded in October 2002 killed 202 people this was only the beginning, the immediate shock on it was devastating. More than 18,700 sc bed tourists fled Bali in three days, which is three clock as more(prenominal) than during a normal month. After the first dickens weeks after the attack, visitor arrivals dropped by 80%. And hotel occupancy plunged from 73% to in effect(p) 14% after the attack. Within a week of the attack major(ip) tour operators promptly drew choke off their holiday programmes from Bali and resorts throughout Indonesia.This reputation aims at proposing marketplaceing strategies that could be adopted in Bali, to revoke Tourism after its terrorist attacks. They be Marketing Product, advancement and distribution systems, Prices and retargeting. This paper leave discuss all the strengths and weakness of these trade strategies and in any case present a conclusion based on strategies which plenty be adopted to mollify the impacts of terrorism in Bali.Marketing In TourismIndustry dont spring up . Instead time eager to overturn the present industry sound out challenge accepted practise, redraw segment boundaries, set new price machinerying out expectations and re-invent the product or dish out concept (Hamel and Prahalad,1994303).Marketing and promotions argon the notice factors that should be considered when tourism industry has been shattered in a verdant that has suffered a crisis. Marketing Bali after terrorist attack is mainly bringing back economy to the country by the means of tourism s ince its economy majorly depends on tourism. there are several marketing strategies which can be enforced such(prenominal) as Promotion and distribution, Prices and Re targeting.Promotion and distribution systems advanced techniques such as net profit play a very level(p)tful role in promotion and distribution channel in foothold of volume and gathering learning to choose trips and buy tourism work at the lowest possible price. A considerable increase in Internet sales has opened up a new look to improve and develop the management of distribution in the headachees. Systems integrate functions such as marketing, information, sales and end-product integration by pulling unitedly all the elements of a tourism trip. Due to its unique characteristics, growing number of countries are promoting their products through the Internet. Distribution no longer depends on traditional channels, that is, operators and expedition agencies. The reduction or elimination of commissions on ti cket sales and car hires is leading to the establishment of service fees, which is a fixed amount in many cases, and to a growing tenseness on the consulting or consultatory function of move agents. Virtual distribution channels are or tend to be interactive television, call centres, direct sales via the Internet, and websites of courtly pilgrimage agencies. The role of tour operators, traditionally associated with conventional sun-and-sand holidays, is universe contained. There is a continuing trend towards consolidation and vertical integration among tour operators. In order to adapt to demand, they are likewise becoming more flexible and are segmenting their products to a greater degree. Among the objectives of this consolidation processes are to come a pick control operating costs, to make better use of their airplanes and to use their information systems more efficiently. Among travel agencies, cooperatives are gainingincreased prominence using a model that has been succ essful in the United States, as well as the establishment of a mix of distribution channels that take payoff of new technologies. The management of the chain of production is geared towards profitability, with report strategies beingincreasing the load factor of own planes, achieving economies of scale, reducing risk by diversifying into new markets and consolidating brands that cover divers(a) products in order to increase node loyalty.The Internet has a growing role but has not to that degree displaced print publications, television and radio, especially coupled with direct marketing, the Internet itself, the vary press and special promotions.A message to address safety concerns essential(prenominal) be issued in order to let people know that the Bali has tightened up its certificate and it is now safe for the tourist. Bali tourism officials can plan to ask round all their major travel agents check new safety measures which has been implemented. trip up agents provide bu lk hotel bookings it is very strategic to encourage them to take private tours to make them aware of all new security measures implemented. This lead attain a good image of Bali to travel agents so they feel positive on promoting Bali as a tourist destination again. It can in like manner invite important trade caseners. Concerning security and safety, JATA ( lacquer Association of Travel Agents), china National Tourism Administration (CNTA), Singapore Travel Agencies expressesing their satisfaction with heightened security measures implemented in the aftermath blast which can help improve tourism form Japan, China and Singapore.Advertisements.Diplomatic and celebrity endorsement can be done to bring up the market. Advertisement close a new refreshing image of Bali introducing new ideas such as surfing, holiday vacation, religious tourism can be enhanced better. But advertisements have to be targeted carefully. For instance, Caribbean islands invested a massive US$16 millio n packaging be precondition to attract US tourist and tourist were still diminishing, This campaign had been suspended until and after the congressional elections of 5th November 2002. Americans were clearly not in the mood for travel, and no amount of advertising seems to be able to change.PricesPrices are strongly influence travel purchase decisions. Price strategies have alter from straight price reductions, discounts for go with persons or even free travel for accompanying children, to added services. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have been especially affected by the downward trend in the price of tourism services. According to the supranational Federation of Tour Operators, we have gone through a year of falling demand, which has been stimulated through pricing. The effect of this factor is to reduce business revenues. Destinations with the best prices and where tour operators have own accommodations have a certain advantage of another(prenominal)s.Use price f ollow PR with attractive price-led offers twain Malaysia and Sri Lanka did this very successfully invest September 11th. internal airlines, including the national thole carrier Garuda and its subsidiary Merpati airlines, are to offer special discounts for visitors coming to Bali for the Moslem holiday of Idul Fitri, and also for Christmas and the New Year. The Indonesian Tourism Ministry and the Bali Tourist bill of fare bequeath work with the industry to prepare special, affordable holiday packages.RetargetingDomestic the Chairman of the Bali Tourist Board has call downd For the time being it would be wiser to focus first on the domestic market. It is appreciated that the domestic market has far lower spending power that the international one, but it can at least serve to keep the product functioning even though profits will be low. Indonesias 1000 Steps to Bali domestic promotion campaign was launched on 2nd November.The Government has announced that it will rework the p ublic holiday calendar to createmore long weekends, thus boosting the domestic market.Intraregional Singapore, for example, will concentrate on India and China, both markets apparent to be less affected by this type of event. Malayans too are apparently unphased by the events in Bali, according to feedback from MATTA, the countrys biggest travel fair they are responding avidly to good value offers.Indonesia is also aiming to call forth more in the Middle East (currently only 0.8% of total visitors).The Government has instructed all state companies, as well as encouraging private ones, to hold their embodied functions in Bali.Experienced travellers, not first timers first timers are naturally more nervous.Individuals with a passion special interest markets held up unco well post September 11th. Sport, culture, newlyweds anything which gives a distinctive impetus to a trip should be targeted.Co-operationThe main lessons which the tourism industry learned post September 11th i s the importance of working together. The type of co-operation which it can be so hard to achieve in normal circumstances the likes of even persuading two resorts in the same country to advertise together starts to happen spontaneously in times of crisis. The Australian Tourism project Forces immediate reaction to the attack in Bali was This means getting our marketing agencies together so that we have a co-ordinated campaign to remind Australians about the advantages of travelling at home and to remind the rest of the world that Australia mud a safe place for a holiday.Good security also requires national co-operation between Ministers, police, local authorities and the private sector.But the emphasis on co-operation post September 11th went wider than this. Commercial organisations and Governments started to work together more closely, not only across sector groups, but also across geographical boundaries. For example, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji came together to do joint advertising. It is important that the WTO should keep encouraging this trend.ASEAN, which held their 8th Summit between the 4th and seventh of November in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, had signed an important new Tourism Cooperation and Promotion Agreement. Malaysian Tourism Minister Abdul Kadir Sheikh Fadzir said the decision to deepen tourism cooperation was made two years ago but the Bali tragedy had given it more urgency. The 10 member grouping (plus 3 affiliated countries China, Japan and Korea) aims to promote the area as a single tourism destination in the international market, launch joint marketing programmes, introduce thematic tour packages to specific areas of interest, and harmonise visa issuance to foreigners. But the total theme of the pact is to boost intra-regional movement by phasing out travel taxes and extending visa exemptions to ASEANs 500 million citizens. The pact also aims to establish an unified network of tourism and travel services, to encourage commercial ag reements among regional airlines and to promote cruising, travel by ferries and leisure boats.ASEAN feels that if they stop visiting each other, the terrorists will have won. But, in anillustration of the complexity of the current situation, John Koldowski from PATAcommented that it was the mighty move for ASEAN to turn inward to revive the industry but itmust not compromise national security in its rush to hurry movement within the region.ProductWe can develop events as part of the recovery phase, for instance, Indonesia will on 15thNovember invite the families of the victims to a special service in Bali to pray together. This will reinforce in a respectful way the generic spiritual image of the destination.Tour operators, airlines and cruise lines, and endeavour to maintain capacity. Governments need to work closely with the industry in gruelling times to ensure that there is not a damaging difference of product which could limit recovery when better times come.ConclusionPro motion and distributions, Co operation and Prices inter connecting play a vital part while marketing a tourist destination. Promotion and distributions is a vast channel of communication through various sources of media like television, radios, news and newspaper, internet etc We can make a renewed image on Bali with right-hand(a) media sources which will create a positive impact for tourists or travel agents. Thus it has power to reach people and can make a good impression. Co operation also is a very key strategy in marketing a destination where its needs supports from various countries to develop tourism. Good security also requires national co-operation between Ministers, police, local authorities and the private sector. Commercial organisations and Governments can work closely in joint advertising which such as straight price reductions, discounts for accompanying persons or even free travel for accompanying children, to added services and other offers which can help redeem th e economy of Bali.