Biltrite case Module I through X Essay

faculty III Control Testing Sales Processing1.The consume innovation in the determination of reign overs does non provide retards well-nigh revenues and accounts dues. The weakness that I could propose is the fact that goods that were delivered to customers were not billed which result in bill of lading not beingness pre- numbered. Because of this, bills of lading do not count as an hard-hitting sample unit. For a successful take stock, audited accountors need to adjudicate hallows randomly and check to trip up if the goods were shipped and the customers trustworthy invoices prior to the receipt of the product, Therefore in this case, existence/occurrence is the course of action for the auditors.2 and 3 argon attached under 2009 attribu4. The sampling plan manifests that on that point is an effective control of the company by the community in charge since the price of the products, the quantity of the footing and the credit specifys offered to customers be not to a higher place the boundsation. However the bills of ladings that were missing keep the auditors skeptical and make them matter further for material information. Also, the other thing that looks shadowed is the inflated earnings showed. The analytical procedures and depute testing performed will the auditors to look further in regards of the gross revenue recorded during the year, the customer reposed and the accounts receiv qualified. Therefore, I believe that aggregate materiality thres ingest shouldnt be lowered since both accounts receivable and gross revenue tests show earnings inflation. mental faculty IV genus Mus Sampling- Factory Equipment Additions1. The objective of performing this test is to test if the factory equipment accounts are materially overstated from the errors assemble in the capitalization of ordinary repairs. The sampling unit is the debit posting to the factory equipment account and the race is $12,600,000 which is the difference between the a gree debits of $89,860,000 and the equipment additions of $77,260,0002. Find pass instrument 2009 MUS for answers3. In setting these parameters, Derick focused on his assessment of inherent venture and control in regards of the acquisition cycle and the level of theoverall audit risk. To explain the parameters further, because the risk of incorrect acceptance is 5% percent, this means that Derick is 95% authentic about the results that he will get only 5% percent of errors in the population. anticipate errors of $100,000 is usually based on previous years audit and the $640,000 of tolerable misstatement are errors Derick speak up exists in the population in regards of the factory equipment account.4. Find go by chronicle 2009 MUS for the calculation of the Projected misstatement calculation 11.3B a.Tainting plowshare appear on a column when the book value of a unit is less(prenominal) than the sampling interval of 160000. And its direct is to develop a communicate error f or all the sampling interval.5. And 6 commode be found in the jump document 2009 MUS for WP 11.3 C7. a. Basic precision is the criterion of uncertainty associated with testing only a part of the population and it is calculated by multiplying the sampling interval by the confidence factor to mea received sampling errors. b. Incremental payment for sampling error increases when in that respect is an increase in the sampling error. c. leeway for sampling risk is a factor used in planning statistical samples to keep sampling risk at the desired level. d. Upper misstatement limit is determined by adding the misstatement (basic precision) and incremental allowance for sampling error. It measures the level best overstatement at the 95% confidence level set.8. The sampling results do not endure Dericks concerns regarding possible material misstatement since the result of the upper misstatement limit is $3,720,833 which is more than the tolerable misstatement of $640,000. Also the pr oportion of the projected error is 85% which is calculated by dividing $2,503,060 by $2,936,338. These errors should bring the population within the bounds of acceptance. In my opinion this error represent the margin necessary that represent the $12,600,000 population of factory equipment.Module V Accounts Receivable Aging Analysis1.a.The proportion of the total dollar add up receivable I included in the confirmation request is in Account Receivable Aging Analysis by go down the total amount that is collectible C by the total amount of sales. The result is 82% ($9,803,430/$11,920,028) of the total dollar balance in accounts receivable. b.In the event of no reply to a request for positiveconfirmation, as an auditor I need to subscribe for further requests, contact the manager and ask him to get a hold of the customer. In case of no response from the customer, I should examine the document I prevail in hand such as sales orders, sales invoices, shipping orders, and bills of ladin g. c.The purpose of analyzing subsequent collections because it a way to check and make sure that the existence of the action took place. Also checking subsequent collections allows the auditors to check the enough of the allowance for uncollectible accounts. This helps the auditor to better calculate the amount that is uncollectible from customers2.I am not satisfied that I have sufficient evidence to evaluate the existence and valuation assertion because I wasnt able to get a hold of some customers. Due to this inconvenience as auditors we should be suspicious about if those sales do in fact exist. Also, in terms valuation, additional audit needs to be performed because from the confirmed amount owed, it is not sure if it will be collected. 3.Reclassification entry sack be found in excel document 2009 ar. 4.A. In order to satisfy the account receivable write-offs, I would need to examine correspondence to and from customers, legal counsel and collection agencies involving the di sposition of amount that were due in the past. b. The audit adjustment is $340,000 which make the allowance balance to be $560,000 which I think is adequate as adjustment. c. See attached excel document- 2009 ar.5. The full document 2009 ar is attached with the case. Module VI Sales and Purchases Cutoff Tests1. Inventory cut off errorsa. Vouchers 12458 and 12459 was received in 2009 as armory but not recorded in the books until next year, 2010. Which resulted in overstatement of $854,154 as effect on net income b. Raw material inventory that was in transit. This action does not affect net income because it was exluded c. Sales 33003, 33004, 33006, 33007, and 33009 were performed in 2010 but they were inform in 2009 which resulted in overstatement of $3,760,330 in net income. I think that the misstatement listed above appear to be intentional in order to overstate net income and make it look higher that its value. This practice is one of the earning inflation devices that can be use d to overstate net income.2.See excel document 2009 crosscut for auditadjustments. Module VII Search for unrecorded Liabilities1.Comment on the adequacy for the procedures performedLucas was able to check if there was additional invoices that were received and recorded. He similarly checked if the company he is auditing included these charges in year- break off adjustments for liabilities that are not recorded. On the other hand she did not check if invoices received in 2010 should be recorded in 2009 and therefore applicable to the 2009 audit and if they were part of year-end adjustment for the same year. The last thing that Lucas need to check is the liabilities from the previous, 2008 and to see if they apply to see if they need to be considered for 2009. 2.Audit Adjustment 6 can be found in excel document 2009 Liab. 3.Audit Adjustment 6 can be found in excel document 2009 Liab.Module VIII Dallas Dollar cant Reconciliation1. The rim Reconciliation- Dallas Dolalr affirm does not reconcile for declination mainly because the general ledger balance is less than the adjusted balance (Audit adjustment number 7). The amount that differ between the two balances is $9,000. rough of the causes in case of non-reconciliation are There business leader have been an error performed by the brim at the time of recording the deposit or check. There might have been an error when the bank recorded the cash receipt of the action.2. After I have made the correction, the account does reconcile. The adjustment is made in WP.1 in excel document 2009 Bank.3 and 4 See excel document 2009 Bank part WP.1.B5. The shortcut statement received directly from the bank support the existence, completeness and valuation objectives. This statement gives an auditor satisfaction regarding the amount of cash receipt at the end of the year and if they were recorded at the right time. If the cutoff statement covered the period 1/1/10 through 1/21/10 and the deposit in transit was credit i n 1/12/10, as an auditor I should be concerned that a lymph node was keeping cash receipts records open after the end of the year period and could have recorded 2010 cash receipts in 2009. To allay my concerns, I should apply remittance advices, cash listings in order to be able to checkthe cash receipt at the end of the year that make up for the deposit in transit. Module IX Analysis of Interbank Transfers1. A. The purpose of analyzing inter-bank transfers for a short period before and after the balance sheet due in to check if there are any cash cutoff errors. B & C. the check 127332 showing $3,000,000 received from Lawton was in fact an interbank transfer from Bank 2 to Dollar Bank. The Biltrite Company is in violation of one of the restrictive covenants in the Bank Two agreement because if the transaction was recorded justly, it would show that the balance was infra $10,000,000 compensating balance.2 & 3. See Audit Reclassification entry at the shag of WP 1.C4. Yes the Reco rd Reclassification does in fact place Biltrite in default because it decreases the compensating balance to below $10,000,000. Some of the audit procedure that can be applied is inquiring management and legal counsel in regards of the examination of the agreement that was agreed upon with the bank since there is a default. Also, checking the balance after year end to see if the compensation balance has increased to its minimum balance of $10,000,000.5. See excel document 2009 Bank.Module X Analysis of Marketable Securities1. There are investments in common stock that resulted in realized loss of $198,000 in 2009. This support does not support McAfee goals of maximizing returns while minimizing risk of loss. Since there is a loss, it contradicts the statement.2. In order for the securities to be classified as current on the balance sheet, the securities need to be readily marketable and acquired as shipboard investments.3. The auditors objective in the audit of marketable securitie s is to check -The existence of the securities-The will power of the securities, if the client owns them. Are the values of the securities shown in the statement logical with their real value Are the losses and gains correctly reported Interest and dividend correctly reported Are the securities classified as current and noncurrent correctly The audit assertions for the auditor to examine are existence, valuation and thepresentation and disclosure of the securities. The objectives that are not satisfied is the working paper that does not state if the securities are current or noncurrent. Answers to questions 4 through 8 can be found in excel document 2009 Security.Biltrite Practice CaseModule III Control Testing Sales Processing1.The sampling plan in the design of controls does not provide tests about revenues and accounts receivables. The weakness that I could see is the fact that goods that were delivered to customers were not billed which result in bill of lading not being pre -numbered. Because of this, bills of lading do not count as an effective sampling unit. For a successful audit, auditors need to evaluate orders randomly and check to see if the goods were shipped and the customers received invoices prior to the receipt of the product, Therefore in this case, existence/occurrence is the course of action for the auditors.2 and 3 are attached under 2009 attribu4. The sampling plan shows that there is an effective control of the company by the people in charge since the price of the products, the quantity of the footing and the credit limits offered to customers are not above the limitation. However the bills of ladings that were missing keep the auditors skeptical and make them look further for material information. Also, the other thing that looks suspicious is the inflated earnings showed. The analytical procedures and attribute testing performed will the auditors to look further in regards of the sales recorded during the year, the customer balance d and the accounts receivable. Therefore, I believe that aggregate materiality threshold shouldnt be lowered since both accounts receivable and sales tests show earnings inflation. Module IV MUS Sampling- Factory Equipment Additions1.The objective of performing this test is to test if the factory equipment accounts are materially overstated from the errors found in the capitalization of ordinary repairs. The sampling unit is the debit posting to the factory equipment account and the population is $12,600,000 which isthe difference between the total debits of $89,860,000 and the equipment additions of $77,260,000 2.Find excel document 2009 MUS for answers3.In setting these parameters, Derick focused on his assessment of inherent risk and control in regards of the acquisition cycle and the level of the overall audit risk. To explain the parameters further, because the risk of incorrect acceptance is 5% percent, this means that Derick is 95% sure about the results that he will get only 5% percent of errors in the population. Anticipated errors of $100,000 is usually based on previous years audit and the $640,000 of tolerable misstatement are errors Derick think exists in the population in regards of the factory equipment account. 4.Find excel document 2009 MUS for the calculation of the Projected misstatement calculation 11.3B a.Tainting percentage appear on a column when the book value of a unit is less than the sampling interval of 160000. And its purpose is to develop a projected error for all the sampling interval. 5. And 6 can be found in the excel document 2009 MUS for WP 11.3 C 7. a. Basic precision is the amount of uncertainty associated with testing only a part of the population and it is calculated by multiplying the sampling interval by the confidence factor to measure sampling errors. b. Incremental allowance for sampling error increases when there is an increase in the sampling error. c. Allowance for sampling risk is a factor used in planning statis tical samples to keep sampling risk at the desired level. d. Upper misstatement limit is determined by adding the misstatement (basic precision) and incremental allowance for sampling error. It measures the maximum overstatement at the 95% confidence level set. 8. The sampling results do not support Dericks concerns regarding possible material misstatement since the result of the upper misstatement limit is $3,720,833 which is more than the tolerable misstatement of $640,000. Also the proportion of the projected error is 85% which is calculated by dividing $2,503,060 by $2,936,338. These errors should bring the population within the bounds of acceptance. In my opinion this error represent the adjustment necessary that represent the $12,600,000 population of factory equipment.Module V Accounts Receivable Aging Analysis1.a.The proportion of the total dollar amount receivable I included in the confirmation request is in Account Receivable Aging Analysis by diving the total amount that is collectible C by the total amount of sales. The result is 82% ($9,803,430/$11,920,028) of the total dollar balance in accounts receivable. b.In the event of no reply to a request for positive confirmation, as an auditor I need to ask for further requests, contact the manager and ask him to get a hold of the customer. In case of no response from the customer, I should examine the document I have in hand such as sales orders, sales invoices, shipping orders, and bills of lading. c.The purpose of analyzing subsequent collections because it a way to check and make sure that the existence of the action took place. Also checking subsequent collections allows the auditors to check the adequacy of the allowance for uncollectible accounts. This helps the auditor to better calculate the amount that is uncollectible from customers 2.I am not satisfied that I have sufficient evidence to evaluate the existence and valuation assertion because I wasnt able to get a hold of some customers. Due t o this inconvenience as auditors we should be suspicious about if those sales do in fact exist. Also, in terms valuation, additional audit needs to be performed because from the confirmed amount owed, it is not sure if it will be collected. 3.Reclassification entry can be found in excel document 2009 ar. 4.A. In order to satisfy the account receivable write-offs, I would need to examine correspondence to and from customers, legal counsel and collection agencies involving the disposition of amount that were due in the past. b. The audit adjustment is $340,000 which make the allowance balance to be $560,000 which I think is adequate as adjustment. c. See attached excel document- 2009 ar.5. The full document 2009 ar is attached with the case. Module VI Sales and Purchases Cutoff Tests1. Inventory cut off errorsa. Vouchers 12458 and 12459 was received in 2009 as inventory but not recorded in the books until next year, 2010. Which resulted in overstatement of $854,154 as effect on net in come b. Raw material inventory that was in transit. This action does not affect net income because it was exluded c. Sales 33003, 33004, 33006, 33007, and 33009 were performed in 2010 but theywere reported in 2009 which resulted in overstatement of $3,760,330 in net income. I think that the misstatement listed above appear to be intentional in order to overstate net income and make it look higher that its value. This practice is one of the earning inflation devices that can be used to overstate net income. 2.See excel document 2009 cutoff for audit adjustments. Module VII Search for unrecorded Liabilities1.Comment on the adequacy for the procedures performedLucas was able to check if there was additional invoices that were received and recorded. He also checked if the company he is auditing included these charges in year-end adjustments for liabilities that are not recorded. On the other hand she did not check if invoices received in 2010 should be recorded in 2009 and therefore app licable to the 2009 audit and if they were part of year-end adjustment for the same year. The last thing that Lucas need to check is the liabilities from the previous, 2008 and to see if they apply to see if they need to be considered for 2009. 2.Audit Adjustment 6 can be found in excel document 2009 Liab. 3.Audit Adjustment 6 can be found in excel document 2009 Liab.Module VIII Dallas Dollar bank Reconciliation1. The Bank Reconciliation- Dallas Dolalr Bank does not reconcile for December mainly because the general ledger balance is less than the adjusted balance (Audit adjustment number 7). The amount that differ between the two balances is $9,000. Some of the causes in case of non-reconciliation are There might have been an error performed by the bank at the time of recording the deposit or check. There might have been an error when the bank recorded the cash receipt of the action.2. After I have made the correction, the account does reconcile. The adjustment is made in WP.1 in excel document 2009 Bank.3 and 4 See excel document 2009 Bank part WP.1.B5. The cutoff statement received directly from the bank support the existence, completeness and valuation objectives. This statement gives an auditor satisfaction regarding the amount of cash receipt at the end of the year and if they were recorded at the right time. If the cutoff statementcovered the period 1/1/10 through 1/21/10 and the deposit in transit was credit in 1/12/10, as an auditor I should be concerned that a client was keeping cash receipts records open after the end of the year period and could have recorded 2010 cash receipts in 2009. To allay my concerns, I should apply remittance advices, cash listings in order to be able to check the cash receipt at the end of the year that make up for the deposit in transit.Module IX Analysis of Interbank Transfers1. A. The purpose of analyzing inter-bank transfers for a short period before and after the balance sheet due in to check if there are any cash c utoff errors. B & C. the check 127332 showing $3,000,000 received from Lawton was in fact an interbank transfer from Bank Two to Dollar Bank. The Biltrite Company is in violation of one of the restrictive covenants in the Bank Two agreement because if the transaction was recorded correctly, it would show that the balance was below $10,000,000 compensating balance.2 & 3. See Audit Reclassification entry at the bottom of WP 1.C4. Yes the Record Reclassification does in fact place Biltrite in default because it decreases the compensating balance to below $10,000,000. Some of the audit procedure that can be applied is questioning management and legal counsel in regards of the examination of the agreement that was agreed upon with the bank since there is a default. Also, checking the balance after year end to see if the compensation balance has increased to its minimum balance of $10,000,000. 5. See excel document 2009 Bank.Module X Analysis of Marketable Securities1. There are investmen ts in common stock that resulted in realized loss of $198,000 in 2009. This support does not support McAfee goals of maximizing returns while minimizing risk of loss. Since there is a loss, it contradicts the statement. 2. In order for the securities to be classified as current on the balance sheet, the securities need to be readily marketable and acquired as temporary investments. 3. The auditors objective in the audit of marketable securities is to check -The existence of the securities-The ownership of the securities, if the client owns them. Are the values of the securities shown in the statement consistent with their real value Are the losses and gains correctly reported Interest and dividend correctly reported Are the securities classified as current and noncurrent correctly The audit assertions for the auditor to examine are existence, valuation and the presentation and disclosure of the securities. The objectives that are not satisfied is the working paper that does not sta te if the securities are current or noncurrent. Answers to questions 4 through 8 can be found in excel document 2009 Security.

Pros and cons Co-education Essay

Pros1. The mixing of both the devil sexes in co-educational environment eradicates the inherent shyness in each student. On the other hand, by studying and working in a mixed-gender school, students will be given facilities for expressing and sharing their own ideas or opinions in the presence of the opposite sex. Therefore, it provides students a great incentive to overcome their shyness and enhance their confidence.2. It is manifest that in the future students have to live in a mixed-sex world and hence they should be well- prepared to easily integrate into the real life. A co-educational environment is reflective of todays society since it offers students a rich opportunity to get exposed to a broad exchange of diverse ideas, opinions, values and lifestyles to get accustomed to working and sharing with their peer of the opposite sex. As a result, students in co-educational schools are more likely to adapt themselves into any new surroundings and get ahead.3. In the past, educati on open to women was really certified due to moral and religious grounds as well as the societys conception of sex-role and gender-appropriate forms of work. However, with the worldwide advance of the society, there has been an overwhelming reel in womens roles providing them with greater opportunity for involvement in life beyond the domestic sphere. Consequently, the practice of co-education has made the growth of womens rights and the expansion of the advanced education system to serve all the segments of the population.4. So girls and boys in the class tend to compete in a healthy manner with each other. It is also seen that the girls fare better than boys in most of the cases. This is because both the sexes are enhanced by the presence of the other. In the olden times it was believed that girls were incompetent to compete with the boys plainly this is not true.Cons1. When studying together in a school, male and female students are likely to suffer from some bad distraction . For instance, some teenage students whitethorn be fascinated by their peer of the opposite sex and spend much time attracting them instead of their studying. Many school girls can be bothered by the teasing and even the flirting of the boys. If such distraction is not kept in control, then the students will be certainly lured away from their study.2. period the world is witnessing dramatic improvements in co-education, there is a public question and concern about the connection among co-education and sexual freedom a rise in unmarried, particularly teenage-pregnancy and the growth of sex harassment and sexually transmitted diseases in mixed-sex schools where boys and girls students spend much time together and the safe boundary between two sexes can be broken at any time.

How is an “Unwoman” Defined? Essay

Historically, women and children were under the entertain of the father of the family. The role of women was to born babies and run the house. In the novel The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood depicts a society dominated and ruled by men. Those who reject social structure and dominance of males are tough as unwomen. Most of them are feminists and deformed babies. These categories of people are useless for Gilead, because they cannot perform their main give-up the ghost become pregnant and born healthy babies.Unwomen were females who reject the idea of male dominance and fight against heaviness and sexual violence, low social role and poor treatment. Offred (and her mother) is a radical feminist which fights for freedom and a womens culture. Radical ideas allow her to make sense of her own live as luck of common experiences in male-dominated societies. As a radical feminist, she focuses political attention on patriarchal heaviness in every area of womens lives. The author of the article does not directly speak more or less Offred attitude towards a gilt-edged society, but it is possible to assume that she would agree with this idea.The idea of women as a class identifies oppressed women as having common interests against men, since men have common interests in dominating women. In the class system, men benefit from patriarchal beliefs and practices which ensure that women service their needs, raise their children and are excluded from political and stinting power. Offred tries to prove that women possess superior values against men. Offred recalls a scene in which her mother and other feminists cut porn magazines. To some extent, this remark shows that feminists try to be equal to men and could build a Superior society free from sexual violence and tyranny.Women have to develop consciousness of their interests as a class, and to skin against men and against the organization of patriarchy. Gender is seen as more fundamental than class in the organization of womens oppression. Atwood underlines that Offred considered her body an instrument of her desires. But as long as women are looked upon as a class, then(prenominal) the differences between women are not seen as of prime importance, as they have common class interests which relate them against men.References 1. Themes, Motifs & Symbols.

Merchant Banking

merchant Banking Merchant banking whitethorn be defined as, an institution which covers a wide range of affectivities such as advise of guest go, portfolio management, credit syndication, acceptance credit, counselling, insurance, etc. Merchant Banks are popularly k instantlyn as issuing and pass judgment houses. They offer a package of financial services. Unlike in the past, their activities are now primarily non-fund based. star of the basic requirements of merchant banks is highly professional staff with skills and worldwide contacts.The basic prevail of merchant banks is securities industrying corporate and other securities, that is guaranteeing sales and distribution of securities. All the aspects- origination, downstairswriting and distribution of the sale of industrial securities are handled by them. They are experts and good judges of the type, timing and terms of issuances and make them acceptable to investors under prevailing preferences and market conditions , and at the same time afford the borrowing union, flexibility and freedom that it ask to meet realizable future contingencies.They guarantee the success of issues by underwriting them. They also provide exclusively the services related to receiving exercises, allotment, amass money, sending share certificates and so on. The merchant banker normally does not assume all the risk himself time underwriting the issue. Merchant banks offer services also to investors. The range of activities offered by merchant banks is ofttimes wider than sponsoring public issues of industrial securities. They offer project finance, syndication of credit, corporate advisory services, mutual fund investments, investment management etc.Services of Merchant Banks enter Counselling Project counselling includes preparation of project reports, deciding upon the financing fig to finance the approach of the project and appraising the project report with the financial institutions or banks. It also in cludes filling up of application forms with relevant information for obtaining funds from financial institutions and obtaining government approval. emersion focal point Management of issue involves merchandise of corporate securities viz. equity shares, preference shares and debentures or bonds by offering them to public.Merchant banks act as an go-between whose main job is to transfer capital from those who own it to those who need it. After taking action as per SEBI guidelines, the merchant banker arranges a meeting with company representatives and advertising agents to finalise arrangements relating to date of start and closing of issue, accommodation of prospectus, launching publicity campaign and fixing date of board meeting to pass and sign prospectus and pass the necessary resolutions. Pricing of issues is done by the companies in consultant with the merchant bankers. Underwriting of Public IssueUnderwriting is a guarantee earnn by the underwriter that in the even t of under subscription, the amount underwritten would be subscribed by him. Banks/Merchant banking subsidiaries cannot underwrite more than 15% of any issue. Managers, Consultants or Advisers to the Issue The managers to the issue assist in the drafting of prospectus, application forms and completion of formalities under the Companies Act, appellation of Registrar for relations with share applications and transfer and listing of shares of the company on the stock exchange. Companies can discover one or more agencies as managers to the issue. Portfolio Management Portfolio refers to investment in different kinds of securities such as shares, debentures or bonds issued by different companies and government securities. Portfolio management refers to maintaining proper combinations of securities in a manner that they give maximum sideboard with minimum risk. Advisory Service Relating to Mergers and Takeovers A merger is a combination of deuce companies into a superstar company w here one survives and other loses its corporate existence. A takeover is the purchase by one company acquiring controlling interest in the share capital of another alert company.Merchant bankers are the middlemen in setting negotiation between the two companies. Off Shore Finance The merchant bankers religious service their clients in the following areas involving foreign currency. (a) Long term foreign currency loans (b) Joint Ventures abroad (c) Financing exports and imports (d) international collaboration arrangements Non-resident Investment The services of merchant banker includes investment advisory services to NRI in terms of realisation of investment opportunities, selection of securities, investment management, and operational services like purchase and sale of securities. impart SyndicationLoan syndication refers to assistance rendered by merchant bankers to get mainly term loans for projects. Such loans may be obtained from a single development finance institutio n or a syndicate or consortium. Merchant bankers help corporate clients to raise syndicated loans from banks or financial institutions. Corporate Counselling Corporate counselling covers the entire welkin of merchant banking activities viz. project counselling, capital restructuring, public issue management, loan syndication, work capital, fixed deposit, conduct financing acceptance credit, etc. bibliography a manual on merchant banking by JC VermaMerchant BankingMerchant Banking Merchant banking may be defined as, an institution which covers a wide range of activities such as management of customer services, portfolio management, credit syndication, acceptance credit, counselling, insurance, etc. Merchant Banks are popularly known as issuing and accepting houses. They offer a package of financial services. Unlike in the past, their activities are now primarily non-fund based. One of the basic requirements of merchant banks is highly professional staff with skills and worldwide contacts.The basic function of merchant banks is marketing corporate and other securities, that is guaranteeing sales and distribution of securities. All the aspects- origination, underwriting and distribution of the sale of industrial securities are handled by them. They are experts and good judges of the type, timing and terms of issues and make them acceptable to investors under prevailing preferences and market conditions, and at the same time afford the borrowing company, flexibility and freedom that it needs to meet possible future contingencies.They guarantee the success of issues by underwriting them. They also provide all the services related to receiving applications, allotment, collecting money, sending share certificates and so on. The merchant banker normally does not assume all the risk himself while underwriting the issue. Merchant banks offer services also to investors. The range of activities offered by merchant banks is much wider than sponsoring public issues of industrial securities. They offer project finance, syndication of credit, corporate advisory services, mutual fund investments, investment management etc.Services of Merchant Banks Project Counselling Project counselling includes preparation of project reports, deciding upon the financing pattern to finance the cost of the project and appraising the project report with the financial institutions or banks. It also includes filling up of application forms with relevant information for obtaining funds from financial institutions and obtaining government approval. Issue Management Management of issue involves marketing of corporate securities viz. equity shares, preference shares and debentures or bonds by offering them to public.Merchant banks act as an intermediary whose main job is to transfer capital from those who own it to those who need it. After taking action as per SEBI guidelines, the merchant banker arranges a meeting with company representatives and advertising agents to f inalise arrangements relating to date of opening and closing of issue, registration of prospectus, launching publicity campaign and fixing date of board meeting to approve and sign prospectus and pass the necessary resolutions. Pricing of issues is done by the companies in consultant with the merchant bankers. Underwriting of Public IssueUnderwriting is a guarantee given by the underwriter that in the event of under subscription, the amount underwritten would be subscribed by him. Banks/Merchant banking subsidiaries cannot underwrite more than 15% of any issue. Managers, Consultants or Advisers to the Issue The managers to the issue assist in the drafting of prospectus, application forms and completion of formalities under the Companies Act, appointment of Registrar for dealing with share applications and transfer and listing of shares of the company on the stock exchange. Companies can appoint one or more agencies as managers to the issue. Portfolio Management Portfolio refers to investment in different kinds of securities such as shares, debentures or bonds issued by different companies and government securities. Portfolio management refers to maintaining proper combinations of securities in a manner that they give maximum return with minimum risk. Advisory Service Relating to Mergers and Takeovers A merger is a combination of two companies into a single company where one survives and other loses its corporate existence. A takeover is the purchase by one company acquiring controlling interest in the share capital of another existing company.Merchant bankers are the middlemen in setting negotiation between the two companies. Off Shore Finance The merchant bankers help their clients in the following areas involving foreign currency. (a) Long term foreign currency loans (b) Joint Ventures abroad (c) Financing exports and imports (d) Foreign collaboration arrangements Non-resident Investment The services of merchant banker includes investment advisory servi ces to NRI in terms of identification of investment opportunities, selection of securities, investment management, and operational services like purchase and sale of securities. Loan SyndicationLoan syndication refers to assistance rendered by merchant bankers to get mainly term loans for projects. Such loans may be obtained from a single development finance institution or a syndicate or consortium. Merchant bankers help corporate clients to raise syndicated loans from banks or financial institutions. Corporate Counselling Corporate counselling covers the entire field of merchant banking activities viz. project counselling, capital restructuring, public issue management, loan syndication, working capital, fixed deposit, lease financing acceptance credit, etc. bibliography a manual on merchant banking by JC Verma

My Hips My Caderas

In the excerpt, My Hips, My Caderas by Alisa Valdes, gives distinctive examples of her life story to arm a meaning for how society perceives women. America strives to fit the perception of knockout because it is the single physical peculiarity that makes us matter. Her anecdotes show us how the world shapes our thoughts to brainwash us. Alisa Valdes personal experiences are a service to hand over a better explanation of how we perpetrate in order to be welcomed in society. Beauty is in the eye of the culture. This is an essential quote that summarizes the moral of Valdes story. existence a biracial woman, she received perspectives from two cultures about the mode she tonicitys. Valdes is white and Cuban. She is a girl with hips and curves. She is seen as voluptuous. White Americans and Cubans have different viewpoints on how women should look and what beauty is considered to be. Valdes body grammatical case isnt accepted in by all of her family because of the type of the diff erent type of society they live in. As a child it confused her as to what herself image should be. Her mothers side of the family is white Americans who believed being skinny was the key to beauty.In America, we have several reminders of what we should look like. Our models are surface zeros. All our foods are low fat or reduced in calories producing dieting. We also promote mental process to stay skinny. Hips or la caderas are seen as fat which is ugly, ugly being the antonym for beauty. On the contrary her fathers side believed that the thicker you were or the more curves that complimented ones body make you more of a woman. That notion highlighted a womans beauty. Caderas, oftentimes referred to in her explanation, simply translated is hips.In Latin cultures caderas are the stomach, waist, and thighs. Its all that makes a real woman. La caderas are the essence of a woman. Those who dont posses these caderas are seen as sick. Its unattractive to the eye. The different cultures that she exemplifies contradict each other. Valdes has satisfying times in her child hood where she remembers the two cultures impacted the way she thought about herself. Being involved in her fathers culture, being voluptuous was a blessing. When Valdes was 12 she remembers the Chicanos do catcalls at her because she was so curators.She took those signs of beauty for granted and started to diet, winning to the American way of beauty. She also talks about her and her wizard going to dance and men lining up to dance with her and her turning them down because she said I often say no, because I can. This leads me to infer that she felt beautiful and she knew she was due to her hips. If she didnt think so she wouldnt turn the men down. That culture made her appreciate herself and have corroborative outlooks about how she looked. In America she remembers being in a step aerobics class and women making negative statements about how she looks.She sometimes hear the woman in the front row whisper My God, would you look at those hips. Her attributes are looked down upon as if they are a bad thing in America. She has experienced both cultures and have a gotten a different response on her body. Self image is evil but its what makes civilization significant. The world revolves or so images that are acceptable and its the drive around the world. In the society we live in, civilization is based on appearance. Our world rotates on its axis because of it. Its deadly to walk outside without makeup on or above a certain weight.Americans have reality television that are designed just for losing weight and to critique the appearance of our celebrities. Everyone is a tar wee in America to bee objectified. There is no discrimination. In middle school I was often picked on for being so skinny and I hated my body. When I got to high school I started to gain weight not in my caderas but my butt. I started to love my body more because everyone else did. Girls would verbalise me how they would kill for my shape and I would tell them how I would love to have theirs. I wanted doorknocker and hips like those girls but they wanted to be a stick like me, I couldnt understand.Those girls were project themselves as being the females they see on the television and I was the closest thing to their dreams. Continuously taking my body for granted the next teenage girl was admiring my imperfections perfectly. I learn eventually to embrace my short figure but looking at celebrities like Beyonce and other full figured women I get self conscious sometime. Its as if my body isnt good enough and I finalise back into the depression of why my body cant look a certain way. It is a struggle in itself because your image is your introduction.

Citigroup

Citigroups link to large scandals and significant scrutiny has been a massive soil on the familiaritys business reputation and character. Charles Prince, CEO of Citigroup, means to remove that stain by implementing his five point ethics plan in an attempt to change the ethics, nicety, and operations of the company with improved training, enhanced focus on talent, balanced performance appraisals, improved communications, and strengthened compliance controls. THIS catalogue FOCUSES ON KEY CONCERNS REGARDING THE FIVE POINT ETHICS PLAN * How can Citigroup continually blow over the better organizational culture to the populace?* As a corporation communications officer, what would be my method to communicate the plan to Citigroup employees and inspire change? * Who are the critical stakeholders? * How should Prince handle the stakeholders responses and jobs? - ontinually communicate reformed organizational culture to the public Citigroup can continually communicate their reformed organizational culture to the public in various ways * Press conferences * Advertising through different avenues a. Television talk spots and commercials b. Internet ads c. hoarding ads d. Radio commercials * Community events e. support local teams f. Sponsor local events g. Sponsor carnival weekends h. Sponsor retreats i. Sponsor charity events ommunicate plan to employees and inspire change As a corporation communication officer, I cover an array of motivating methods to communicate the plan to employees * Quarterly morale meetings by Charles Prince, CEO, with door prizes a. Discuss spic-and-span ethics policy changes b. Discuss new customer service techniques * Have employees fill out suggestion cards a week prior to the meetings and go over a few or more than (however many that time allows) in the Q&A session at the tail end of any meeting c.Ensure employees that their concerns are very important to the company d. Circulate a company memo regarding confirming changes made and employees concerns addressed with solutions taken and ensuring their concerns are highly considered. * Promotional events for employees and their families e. Semi-annual company picnics f. Annual circus daylight g. Quarterly raffles to win movie tickets, dinner tickets, restaurant discount coupons, professional game tickets, speechless parking spot for one year, and cruise/vacation tickets h.Weekly parking lot car washes for employees through a contracted company hired by Citigroup. i. Annual breast exams/mammograms and prostate exams performed by mobile programs j. vacation parties such as Christmas and New Year critical stakeholders involved The critical stakeholders involved are * Customers * The public/community * Personal and business clients * Employees * Stockholders ow should prince handle the stakeholders responses and concerns Prince (CEO) should handle the responses and concerns delicately and diligently. He will need to be absolutely convincing and optimistic that his Five Point Ethics Plan is the key to turning the company around. He will need to prove his passion through empathy regarding each and every response and concern by addressing them individually

The Shame of Family Films

The The Shame of Family Films In the bind The Shame of Family Films the author, Julia Baird, discusses how there is a lack of female heroines or female main temperaments in barbarianrens movies. She then goes on to set forth a study d nonpareil by Stacy Smith and Marc Choueiti at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California, who analyzed 122 family films, including the fifty top-grossing ones during the years 2006 to 2009, ranging from G to PG-13. In the study they found that 29. 2 portion of the faces were female.They also found that one in four characters were portrayed sexy, tight, or alluring attire, which was compared to one in twenty-five male characters. The author then went on discuss how many women were found so-and-so all these childrens movies. She referred to a study called The Annenburg Study that was commissioned by Geena Davis Institute and it found that the ploughshare of animators who were female, the percenta ge of women who form crowd scenes in family films, and the percentage of female narrators were all seventeen percent.Related article Shame is Worth a Try SummaryThis article do me believe back to the movies I watched as a child and I realized that a lot of those movies were also sexist. Many of the movies were and are made with traditional grammatical sexual practice roles set in them. They portrayed a feeble main female character that was saved by a strong male character or a main character was a very strong minded male who was assisted by a female sidekick. I agree with Baird that there is a lack of heroines in childrens movies. Many children may continue to marry the traditional gender roles because of the movies they watch.Boys allow think that they are suppose to be strong, powerful, and intelligent and the girls will think that they have to be weak and that even if they are strong and have power, a male will always have more power. I would like to see more female characte rs in childrens movies not abiding by the traditional gender roles because I think little girls should know that they bottomland give boys a run for their money when it comes to becoming strong and powerful. I grew up with the traditional gender roles and I hated that I had to.I didnt like when my brothers and I would play revivifys view or school, I had to be the nurse or teacher when they were able to be the doctor or principal. It made me feel like I was second best compared to them and I dont think any little girl should feel the way I used to feel. Every child should feel like they can become whatever he or she wants and should not limit themselves because of the gender roles many are taught as a child. Reference http//www. newsweek. com/2010/09/22/why-family-films-are-so-sexist. html